महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-35

यथा हीनं नभोऽर्केण भूः शैलैः खं च वायुना ।
तथा देशा दिशश्चैव गङ्गाहीना न संशयः ॥३५॥

35. yathā hīnaṁ nabho'rkeṇa bhūḥ śailaiḥ khaṁ ca vāyunā ,
tathā deśā diśaścaiva gaṅgāhīnā na saṁśayaḥ.

35. yathā hīnam nabhaḥ arkeṇa bhūḥ śailaiḥ kham ca vāyunā
tathā deśāḥ diśaḥ ca eva gaṅgāhīnāḥ na saṃśayaḥ

35. yathā nabhaḥ arkeṇa hīnam,
bhūḥ śailaiḥ hīnā (implied),
ca kham vāyunā hīnam,
tathā deśāḥ ca diśaḥ eva gaṅgāhīnāḥ (asti),
na saṃśayaḥ.

35. Just as the sky is devoid of the sun, the earth is devoid of mountains, and space (kha) is devoid of wind, similarly, countries and directions are certainly (na saṃśayaḥ) without the Gaṅgā.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• हीनम् (hīnam) - deprived of, devoid of, left behind

• नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky, atmosphere

• अर्केण (arkeṇa) - by the sun

• भूः (bhūḥ) - earth, ground

• शैलैः (śailaiḥ) - by mountains

• खम् (kham) - space, ether, sky

• च (ca) - and

• वायुना (vāyunā) - by wind, by air

• तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

• देशाः (deśāḥ) - countries, regions

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (cardinal)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

• गङ्गाहीनाः (gaṅgāhīnāḥ) - devoid of the Gaṅgā

• न (na) - not, no

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

हीनम् (hīnam) - deprived of, devoid of, left behind

(adjective)

neuter, singular of hīna

hīna - deprived of, devoid of, inferior, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon, to leave)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'nabhaḥ' and 'kham' (both neuter singular)

नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky, atmosphere

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, cloud

Note: Subject of the clause

अर्केण (arkeṇa) - by the sun

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arka

arka - sun, ray, fire, a plant

Root: ṛc (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'hīnam'

भूः (bhūḥ) - earth, ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, place

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied clause 'hīnā bhūḥ'

शैलैः (śailaiḥ) - by mountains

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock, hill

Root: śil

Note: Agent of implied 'hīnā'

खम् (kham) - space, ether, sky

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - space, ether, sky, empty space

Note: Subject of implied clause, also with 'hīnam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वायुना (vāyunā) - by wind, by air

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, god of wind

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Agent of 'hīnam'

तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

देशाः (deśāḥ) - countries, regions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deśa

deśa - country, region, place

Root: diś (class 6)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (cardinal)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter (of the sky)

Root: diś (class 6)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

(indeclinable)

गङ्गाहीनाः (gaṅgāhīnāḥ) - devoid of the Gaṅgā

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gaṅgāhīna

gaṅgāhīna - devoid of the Gaṅgā

compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṅgā+hīna)

• gaṅgā – the river Ganges
  proper noun (feminine)
• hīna – deprived of, devoid of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon, to leave)
  Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'deśāḥ' and 'diśaḥ'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negating particle

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

Derived from 'sam' + root 'śī' (to lie, to doubt)

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

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