महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-34

वर्णाश्रमा यथा सर्वे स्वधर्मज्ञानवर्जिताः ।
क्रतवश्च यथासोमास्तथा गङ्गां विना जगत् ॥३४॥

34. varṇāśramā yathā sarve svadharmajñānavarjitāḥ ,
kratavaśca yathāsomāstathā gaṅgāṁ vinā jagat.

34. varṇāśramāḥ yathā sarve svadharmajñānavarjitāḥ
kratavaḥ ca yathā asomāḥ tathā gaṅgām vinā jagat

34. yathā sarve varṇāśramāḥ svadharmajñānavarjitāḥ,
yathā ca kratavaḥ asomāḥ,
tathā gaṅgām vinā jagat.

34. Just as all social orders (varṇa) and stages of life (āśrama) are devoid of knowledge of their intrinsic nature (dharma), and just as Vedic rituals are without Soma, so too is the world without the Gaṅgā.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्णाश्रमाः (varṇāśramāḥ) - social orders and stages of life

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• स्वधर्मज्ञानवर्जिताः (svadharmajñānavarjitāḥ) - devoid of knowledge of their own intrinsic nature/duty

• क्रतवः (kratavaḥ) - Vedic rituals, sacrifices

• च (ca) - and

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• असोमाः (asomāḥ) - without Soma, devoid of Soma

• तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

• गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā (river)

• विना (vinā) - without, except for

• जगत् (jagat) - the world, universe

Words meanings and morphology

वर्णाश्रमाः (varṇāśramāḥ) - social orders and stages of life

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇāśrama

varṇāśrama - social orders (varṇa) and stages of life (āśrama)

dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (varṇa+āśrama)

• varṇa – color, caste, social order
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• āśrama – hermitage, stage of life (student, householder, forest dweller, renunciant)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'varṇāśramāḥ'

स्वधर्मज्ञानवर्जिताः (svadharmajñānavarjitāḥ) - devoid of knowledge of their own intrinsic nature/duty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svadharmajñānavarjita

svadharmajñānavarjita - devoid of knowledge of one's own natural law/duty

compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+dharma+jñāna+varjita)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• varjita – devoid of, abandoned, shunned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vṛj' (to abandon)
  Root: vṛj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'varṇāśramāḥ' and 'sarve'

क्रतवः (kratavaḥ) - Vedic rituals, sacrifices

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kratu

kratu - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, intelligence

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

असोमाः (asomāḥ) - without Soma, devoid of Soma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asoma

asoma - without Soma, devoid of Soma

negative compound with 'a' (privative prefix) and 'soma'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+soma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• soma – Soma (a Vedic ritual drink and plant), the moon, juice
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'kratavaḥ'

तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā (river)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganges

Note: Object of 'vinā' (without)

विना (vinā) - without, except for

(indeclinable)

preposition/adverb

जगत् (jagat) - the world, universe

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - the world, universe, moving

Present Active Participle

derived from root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as the subject "the world (is like that)".

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