महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-47

विनयाचारहीनाश्च अशिवाश्च नराधमाः ।
ते भवन्ति शिवा विप्र ये वै गङ्गां समाश्रिताः ॥४७॥

47. vinayācārahīnāśca aśivāśca narādhamāḥ ,
te bhavanti śivā vipra ye vai gaṅgāṁ samāśritāḥ.

47. vinayācārahīnāḥ ca aśivāḥ ca narādhamāḥ te
bhavanti śivāḥ vipra ye vai gaṅgām samāśritāḥ

47. O Brahmin, even those lowly persons who are devoid of modesty and good conduct, and are considered inauspicious, certainly become auspicious if they take refuge in the Gaṅgā.

Words meanings summery:

• विनयाचारहीनाः (vinayācārahīnāḥ) - devoid of good conduct (devoid of modesty and good conduct)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अशिवाः (aśivāḥ) - inauspicious (persons) (inauspicious, unlucky, evil)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नराधमाः (narādhamāḥ) - lowly persons (lowliest of men, despicable men)

• ते (te) - those (persons) (they, those)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

• शिवाः (śivāḥ) - auspicious (auspicious, benevolent, prosperous)

• विप्र (vipra) - O Brahmin! (O Brahmin!, O learned one!)

• ये (ye) - who (who, those who)

• वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)

• गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā river (Gaṅgā (accusative))

• समाश्रिताः (samāśritāḥ) - taken refuge in (her) (taken refuge in, resorted to, dependent)

Words meanings and morphology

विनयाचारहीनाः (vinayācārahīnāḥ) - devoid of good conduct (devoid of modesty and good conduct)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinayācārahīna

vinayācārahīna - devoid of discipline and good conduct, lacking decorum

Compound formed from 'vinaya', 'ācāra', and 'hīna'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vinaya+ācāra+hīna)

• vinaya – modesty, discipline, good behavior, humility
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)
• ācāra – conduct, custom, practice, tradition
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)
• hīna – devoid of, deficient in, abandoned, inferior
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hā- (to abandon, forsake)
  Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (people).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects adjectives.

अशिवाः (aśivāḥ) - inauspicious (persons) (inauspicious, unlucky, evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśiva

aśiva - not auspicious, inauspicious, unlucky, evil

Negation of śiva (auspicious).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śiva)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śiva – auspicious, benevolent, kind
  adjective (masculine/neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects adjectives.

नराधमाः (narādhamāḥ) - lowly persons (lowliest of men, despicable men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhama

narādhama - lowliest of men, vile person, despicable man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhama)

• nara – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhama – lowest, meanest, vile, inferior
  adjective (masculine/neuter)

Note: Subject of 'bhavanti'.

ते (te) - those (persons) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, those

Note: Refers back to the 'narādhamāḥ'.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice

From root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

शिवाः (śivāḥ) - auspicious (auspicious, benevolent, prosperous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiva

śiva - auspicious, benevolent, kind, fortunate, propitious

Also a name of a deity.

Note: Predicate for 'te'.

विप्र (vipra) - O Brahmin! (O Brahmin!, O learned one!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, sage, learned person, inspired

From root vip- (to tremble, inspire).

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: An address to a Brahmin.

ये (ye) - who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'samāśritāḥ'.

वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating emphasis or ascertainment.

गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā river (Gaṅgā (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Gaṅgā (Ganges)

Note: Object of 'samāśritāḥ'.

समाश्रिताः (samāśritāḥ) - taken refuge in (her) (taken refuge in, resorted to, dependent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāśrita

samāśrita - taken refuge in, resorted to, dependent on, protected

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ā- (prefixes) + śri- (to resort to, seek refuge, lean on)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Predicate for 'ye'.

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