महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-49

उपासते यथा बाला मातरं क्षुधयार्दिताः ।
श्रेयस्कामास्तथा गङ्गामुपासन्तीह देहिनः ॥४९॥

49. upāsate yathā bālā mātaraṁ kṣudhayārditāḥ ,
śreyaskāmāstathā gaṅgāmupāsantīha dehinaḥ.

49. upāsate yathā bālāḥ mātaram kṣudhayā ārditāḥ
śreyaskāmāḥ tathā gaṅgām upāsanti iha dehinaḥ

49. yathā kṣudhayā ārditāḥ bālāḥ mātaram upāsate
tathā iha śreyaskāmāḥ dehinaḥ gaṅgām upāsanti

49. Just as children, distressed by hunger, serve their mother, similarly, in this world, embodied beings (dehin) desiring ultimate good (śreyas) approach and serve the Gaṅgā.

Words meanings summery:

• उपासते (upāsate) - approach and serve (as children do their mother) (serve, worship, approach, attend)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in what manner)

• बालाः (bālāḥ) - children (children, infants, young ones)

• मातरम् (mātaram) - mother

• क्षुधया (kṣudhayā) - by hunger (by hunger, due to hunger)

• आर्दिताः (ārditāḥ) - distressed (afflicted, distressed, tormented)

• श्रेयस्कामाः (śreyaskāmāḥ) - those desiring ultimate good (śreyas) (those desiring welfare, those desiring good fortune)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so, in that manner)

• गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā (the river Ganga)

• उपासन्ति (upāsanti) - approach and serve (serve, worship, approach, attend)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this time)

• देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - embodied beings (dehin) (embodied beings, living beings, souls)

Words meanings and morphology

उपासते (upāsate) - approach and serve (as children do their mother) (serve, worship, approach, attend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upa-ās

Present Tense

From `ās` (to sit) with prefix `upa` (near).

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

बालाः (bālāḥ) - children (children, infants, young ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāla

bāla - child, infant, young, foolish

मातरम् (mātaram) - mother

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

क्षुधया (kṣudhayā) - by hunger (by hunger, due to hunger)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudhā

kṣudhā - hunger, appetite

Feminine noun derived from root `kṣudh`.

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

आर्दिताः (ārditāḥ) - distressed (afflicted, distressed, tormented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārdita

ārdita - afflicted, distressed, hurt

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `ṛd` (to pain, afflict) with prefix `ā` and suffix `kta` (P.P.P.).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛd (class 1)

श्रेयस्कामाः (śreyaskāmāḥ) - those desiring ultimate good (śreyas) (those desiring welfare, those desiring good fortune)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śreyaskāma

śreyaskāma - desiring good, desirous of excellence, wishing for ultimate welfare

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'one for whom `śreyas` is desired'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śreyas+kāma)

• śreyas – welfare, good, excellence, ultimate good
  noun (neuter)
• kāma – desire, wish, love, desirous of
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `kam` (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `dehinaḥ`.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā (the river Ganga)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganga (personified as a goddess)

उपासन्ति (upāsanti) - approach and serve (serve, worship, approach, attend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of upa-ās

Present Tense

From `ās` (to sit) with prefix `upa` (near). Forms in `Parasmaipada` (like `upasanti`) are also found for this root.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this time)

(indeclinable)

देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - embodied beings (dehin) (embodied beings, living beings, souls)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dehin

dehin - having a body, embodied, living being, soul

Derived from `deha` (body) with `in` suffix.

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