महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-78

भूःस्थैः खस्थैर्दिविष्ठैश्च भूतैरुच्चावचैरपि ।
गङ्गा विगाह्या सततमेतत्कार्यतमं सताम् ॥७८॥

78. bhūḥsthaiḥ khasthairdiviṣṭhaiśca bhūtairuccāvacairapi ,
gaṅgā vigāhyā satatametatkāryatamaṁ satām.

78. bhūḥsthaiḥ khastaiḥ diviṣṭhaiḥ ca bhūtaiḥ uccāvacaiḥ
api gaṅgā vigāhyā satatam etat kāryatamam satām

78. The Gaṅgā should always be entered by all beings, whether they reside on earth, in the sky, or in heaven, both high and low. This is the most important duty for the virtuous.

Words meanings summery:

• भूःस्थैः (bhūḥsthaiḥ) - by those abiding on earth

• खस्तैः (khastaiḥ) - by those abiding in the sky

• दिविष्ठैः (diviṣṭhaiḥ) - by those abiding in heaven

• च (ca) - and

• भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by beings, by creatures

• उच्चावचैः (uccāvacaiḥ) - by high and low (beings)

• अपि (api) - even, also

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the Gaṅgā

• विगाह्या (vigāhyā) - should be entered, to be bathed in

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

• एतत् (etat) - this

• कार्यतमम् (kāryatamam) - the most important duty, the greatest action

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of good people

Words meanings and morphology

भूःस्थैः (bhūḥsthaiḥ) - by those abiding on earth

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhūḥstha

bhūḥstha - standing on earth, residing on earth

Tatpuruṣa compound: bhūḥ (earth) + stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūḥ+stha)

• bhūḥ – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• stha – standing, abiding, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

खस्तैः (khastaiḥ) - by those abiding in the sky

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of khasta

khasta - standing in the sky, celestial

Tatpuruṣa compound: kha (sky) + stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+stha)

• kha – sky, space, ether
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, abiding, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

दिविष्ठैः (diviṣṭhaiḥ) - by those abiding in heaven

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of diviṣṭha

diviṣṭha - standing in heaven, celestial

Tatpuruṣa compound: divi (in heaven) + ṣṭha (standing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divi+ṣṭha)

• divi – in heaven (locative of div)
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of div (heaven)
• ṣṭha – standing, abiding, existing (variant of stha due to sandhi)
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by beings, by creatures

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhūta

bhūta - a being, creature, element; past, become

Past Passive Participle

from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

उच्चावचैः (uccāvacaiḥ) - by high and low (beings)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of uccāvaca

uccāvaca - high and low, various, diverse

Dvandva compound: ucca (high) + avaca (low)

Compound type : dvandva (ucca+avaca)

• ucca – high, elevated
  adjective (masculine)
• avaca – low, downward
  adjective (masculine)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the Gaṅgā

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganges

विगाह्या (vigāhyā) - should be entered, to be bathed in

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vigāhya

vigāhya - to be entered, to be plunged into, to be bathed in

Gerundive

from root gāh (to plunge) with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: gāh (class 1)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

adverbial form of satata (continuous)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

कार्यतमम् (kāryatamam) - the most important duty, the greatest action

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāryatama

kāryatama - most to be done, most important duty

Superlative of kārya (duty/to be done) using suffix tama

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of good people

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, true

Present Active Participle

from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

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