महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-71

गगनाद्यां महापुण्यां पतन्तीं वै महेश्वरः ।
दधार शिरसा देवीं तामेव दिवि सेवते ॥७१॥

71. gaganādyāṁ mahāpuṇyāṁ patantīṁ vai maheśvaraḥ ,
dadhāra śirasā devīṁ tāmeva divi sevate.

71. gaganādyām mahāpuṇyām patantīm vai maheśvaraḥ
dadhāra śirasā devīm tām eva divi sevate

71. vai maheśvaraḥ gaganādyām mahāpuṇyām patantīm devīm śirasā dadhāra.
tām eva divi sevate.

71. Indeed, Maheśvara (Lord Shiva) held on his head the greatly sacred goddess, Gaṅgā, who was falling from the sky. One worships that very goddess in heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• गगनाद्याम् (gaganādyām) - originating from the sky (originating from the sky, sky-born)

• महापुण्याम् (mahāpuṇyām) - greatly sacred (very sacred, greatly virtuous)

• पतन्तीम् (patantīm) - falling (falling, descending)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

• महेश्वरः (maheśvaraḥ) - Maheśvara (Lord Shiva) (Lord Shiva, the Great Lord)

• दधार (dadhāra) - held (held, bore, supported)

• शिरसा (śirasā) - on his head (by the head, with the head)

• देवीम् (devīm) - the goddess (Gaṅgā) (goddess, divine female)

• ताम् (tām) - that (goddess) (that (feminine))

• एव (eva) - very, alone (alone, only, indeed, just)

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven (in heaven, in the sky)

• सेवते (sevate) - one worships (serves, worships, honors)

Words meanings and morphology

गगनाद्याम् (gaganādyām) - originating from the sky (originating from the sky, sky-born)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaganādyā

gaganādyā - beginning from the sky, sky-originated

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gagana+ādya)

• gagana – sky, atmosphere, heaven
  noun (neuter)
• ādya – first, original, primary, beginning
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From ādi (beginning) + ya suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'devīm'.

महापुण्याम् (mahāpuṇyām) - greatly sacred (very sacred, greatly virtuous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahāpuṇyā

mahāpuṇyā - greatly sacred, highly virtuous, very auspicious

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+puṇyā)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• puṇyā – sacred, holy, virtuous, meritorious
  adjective (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'devīm'.

पतन्तीम् (patantīm) - falling (falling, descending)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patantī

patantī - falling, descending (feminine)

Present Active Participle (feminine)

From root pat (to fall) + śatṛ suffix, feminine form.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'devīm'.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

महेश्वरः (maheśvaraḥ) - Maheśvara (Lord Shiva) (Lord Shiva, the Great Lord)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheśvara

maheśvara - The Great Lord, an epithet of Shiva

From mahā (great) + īśvara (lord).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+īśvara)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• īśvara – lord, master, controller, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'dadhāra'.

दधार (dadhāra) - held (held, bore, supported)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dhṛ

Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice (parasmaipada)

Reduplicated perfect form of root dhṛ.

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: Past tense.

शिरसा (śirasā) - on his head (by the head, with the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull

s-stem neuter noun.

Note: Indicates the instrument or location of holding.

देवीम् (devīm) - the goddess (Gaṅgā) (goddess, divine female)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, divine woman, queen

Feminine form of deva (god).

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Object of 'dadhāra'.

ताम् (tām) - that (goddess) (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Object of 'sevate', refers back to 'devīm'.

एव (eva) - very, alone (alone, only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'tām'.

दिवि (divi) - in heaven (in heaven, in the sky)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

f-stem noun.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Locative of place.

सेवते (sevate) - one worships (serves, worships, honors)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sev

Present Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Middle Voice (ātmanepada)

Root sev (1st class) + present ending.

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: The subject is unexpressed, general 'one'.

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