महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-37

यस्तु सूर्येण निष्टप्तं गाङ्गेयं पिबते जलम् ।
गवां निर्हारनिर्मुक्ताद्यावकात्तद्विशिष्यते ॥३७॥

37. yastu sūryeṇa niṣṭaptaṁ gāṅgeyaṁ pibate jalam ,
gavāṁ nirhāranirmuktādyāvakāttadviśiṣyate.

37. yaḥ tu sūryeṇa niṣṭaptaṃ gāṅgeyaṃ pibate jalam
gavāṃ nirhāranirmuktāt yāvakāt tat viśiṣyate

37. yaḥ tu sūryeṇa niṣṭaptaṃ gāṅgeyaṃ jalam pibate,
tat gavāṃ nirhāranirmuktāt yāvakāt viśiṣyate

37. But whoever drinks the water of the Gaṅgā, even when heated by the sun, that act is considered superior to purified barley meal meant for cows.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सूर्येण (sūryeṇa) - by the sun

• निष्टप्तम् (niṣṭaptam) - heated, scorched

• गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - of the Gaṅgā, related to the Gaṅgā

• पिबते (pibate) - drinks

• जलम् (jalam) - water

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of cattle

• निर्हारनिर्मुक्तात् (nirhāranirmuktāt) - from the purified form (of barley meal) (from that which is released from expulsion/waste)

• यावकात् (yāvakāt) - from purified barley meal intended for cows (from barley-meal, from fodder)

• तत् (tat) - that act (of drinking Gaṅgā water) (that, this)

• विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is distinguished, is superior, excels

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

सूर्येण (sūryeṇa) - by the sun

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, the sun god

निष्टप्तम् (niṣṭaptam) - heated, scorched

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niṣṭapta

niṣṭapta - heated, scorched, burnt out

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tap (to heat, to burn) with prefix niṣ- (out, forth)

Prefix: niṣ

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jalam'

गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - of the Gaṅgā, related to the Gaṅgā

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - belonging to the Gaṅgā, relating to the Gaṅgā, a son of the Gaṅgā (e.g., Bhīṣma)

Derivative of Gaṅgā (Gaṅgā + ḍhak or eyaca suffix)

Note: Used here substantively, implying 'water of the Gaṅgā' and agreeing with 'jalam'.

पिबते (pibate) - drinks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pā

Present Tense, Ātmanepada

Root √pā, 3rd conjugation, present stem 'piba-'

Root: pā (class 1)

जलम् (jalam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water, fluid

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of cattle

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, bull, cattle, earth, ray of light

निर्हारनिर्मुक्तात् (nirhāranirmuktāt) - from the purified form (of barley meal) (from that which is released from expulsion/waste)

(adjective)

Ablative, singular of nirhāranirmukta

nirhāranirmukta - released from expulsion/waste; purified after removal of impurities

Compound (Tatpuruṣa) of 'nirhāra' and 'nirmukta'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nirhāra+nirmukta)

• nirhāra – expulsion, removal, waste, excrement
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix nir- + root √hṛ (to carry, to take away)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• nirmukta – released, freed, liberated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix nir- + root √muc (to release, to free)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'yāvakāt'.

यावकात् (yāvakāt) - from purified barley meal intended for cows (from barley-meal, from fodder)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yāvaka

yāvaka - barley, barley-meal, fodder, lac-dye

तत् (tat) - that act (of drinking Gaṅgā water) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the entire action described in the first half of the verse.

विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is distinguished, is superior, excels

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of viśiṣ

Present Tense, Ātmanepada

Root √śiṣ (to remain, to distinguish) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Previous Verse Next Verse