मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-10, verse-88
मानुषं प्राप्य कुब्जो वा कुत्सितो वामनोऽपि वा ।
चण्डालपुक्कसाद्यासु नरो योनिषु जायते ॥८८॥
चण्डालपुक्कसाद्यासु नरो योनिषु जायते ॥८८॥
88. mānuṣaṃ prāpya kubjo vā kutsito vāmano'pi vā .
caṇḍālapukkasādyāsu naro yoniṣu jāyate.
caṇḍālapukkasādyāsu naro yoniṣu jāyate.
88.
mānuṣam prāpya kubjaḥ vā kutsitaḥ vāmanaḥ api
vā caṇḍālapukkasādyāsu naraḥ yoniṣu jāyate
vā caṇḍālapukkasādyāsu naraḥ yoniṣu jāyate
88.
Having obtained a human birth, a man is born either hunchbacked, despicable, or even dwarfish, (reborn) into species such as Caṇḍālas, Pukkasas, and other low classes.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - a human birth/existence (human, pertaining to humans)
- प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached
- कुब्जः (kubjaḥ) - hunchbacked, crooked
- वा (vā) - or
- कुत्सितः (kutsitaḥ) - despised, contemptible, vile
- वामनः (vāmanaḥ) - dwarf, short, of small stature
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- वा (vā) - or
- चण्डालपुक्कसाद्यासु (caṇḍālapukkasādyāsu) - among low classes like Caṇḍālas and Pukkasas (among Caṇḍālas, Pukkasas, and others)
- नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a human being
- योनिषु (yoniṣu) - in species (of existence/rebirth) (in species, in births, in wombs, in origins)
- जायते (jāyate) - is born, originates
Words meanings and morphology
मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - a human birth/existence (human, pertaining to humans)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of mānuṣa
mānuṣa - human, pertaining to man, a human being
Derived from 'manu' (man) with 'aṇ' suffix.
Note: Used substantively as 'human birth' or 'human state'.
प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached
(indeclinable)
Absolutive
Formed from √āp (to obtain) with pra prefix and lyap suffix.
Prefix: pra
Root: √āp (class 5)
कुब्जः (kubjaḥ) - hunchbacked, crooked
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kubja
kubja - hunchbacked, crooked, deformed
Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
कुत्सितः (kutsitaḥ) - despised, contemptible, vile
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kutsita
kutsita - despised, censured, contemptible, vile
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root √kuts (to despise).
Root: √kuts (class 10)
Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.
वामनः (vāmanaḥ) - dwarf, short, of small stature
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vāmana
vāmana - dwarf, short, of small stature, the dwarf avatāra of Viṣṇu
Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
चण्डालपुक्कसाद्यासु (caṇḍālapukkasādyāsu) - among low classes like Caṇḍālas and Pukkasas (among Caṇḍālas, Pukkasas, and others)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of caṇḍālapukkasādi
caṇḍālapukkasādi - Caṇḍālas, Pukkasas, and others
'dvandva' compound listing specific low castes, followed by 'ādi' (etc.).
Compound type : dvandva (caṇḍāla+pukkasa+ādi)
- caṇḍāla – outcast, a man of the lowest caste
noun (masculine) - pukkasa – a low caste (offspring of Niṣāda male and Kṣatriyā female), an outcast
noun (masculine) - ādi – beginning, first, and so on, et cetera
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with 'yoniṣu' (species).
नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a human being
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, human being, male
योनिषु (yoniṣu) - in species (of existence/rebirth) (in species, in births, in wombs, in origins)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of yoni
yoni - womb, origin, source, race, species, birth, form of existence
जायते (jāyate) - is born, originates
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √jan
Present Tense
Dīvādi class (4th), passive/ātmanepada, 3rd singular.
Root: √jan (class 4)