मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-10, verse-80
रौरवे कूटसाक्षी तु याति यश्चानृतो नरः ।
तस्य स्वरूपं गदतो रौरवस्य निशामय ॥८०॥
तस्य स्वरूपं गदतो रौरवस्य निशामय ॥८०॥
80. raurave kūṭasākṣī tu yāti yaścānṛto naraḥ .
tasya svarūpaṃ gadato rauravasya niśāmaya.
tasya svarūpaṃ gadato rauravasya niśāmaya.
80.
raurave kūṭasākṣī tu yāti yaḥ ca anṛtaḥ naraḥ
tasya svarūpam gadataḥ rauravasya niśāmaya
tasya svarūpam gadataḥ rauravasya niśāmaya
80.
But any man (nara) who is a false witness or a liar goes to the Raurava (Raurava) hell. Listen as I describe the true nature of that Raurava.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- रौरवे (raurave) - to Raurava (a specific hell)
- कूटसाक्षी (kūṭasākṣī) - false witness
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds, obtains
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- च (ca) - and, also
- अनृतः (anṛtaḥ) - untrue, false, a liar
- नरः (naraḥ) - man, human being
- तस्य (tasya) - of Raurava (Raurava) (of that, his, its)
- स्वरूपम् (svarūpam) - nature, own form, true form
- गदतः (gadataḥ) - of the speaker (implied 'me') (of one speaking, describing (genitive of present participle))
- रौरवस्य (rauravasya) - of Raurava
- निशामय (niśāmaya) - listen, hear, perceive
Words meanings and morphology
रौरवे (raurave) - to Raurava (a specific hell)
(proper noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of raurava
raurava - name of a specific hell (naraka)
From root 'ru' (to roar) + suffix 'rava' (roar, sound). Raurava is 'full of roars'.
Root: ru (class 2)
Note: Indicates destination.
कूटसाक्षी (kūṭasākṣī) - false witness
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kūṭasākṣin
kūṭasākṣin - false witness
Tatpurusha compound: 'kūṭa' (false, deceitful) + 'sākṣin' (witness).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kūṭa+sākṣin)
- kūṭa – false, deceitful, trick
adjective (neuter) - sākṣin – witness, spectator
noun (masculine)
From prefix 'sa' (together) + 'akṣi' (eye). 'One who sees with his own eyes.'
Prefix: sa
Note: Subject of 'yāti'.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds, obtains
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of yā
Root 'yā', 2nd class, 'adādi'.
Root: yā (class 2)
Note: Subject is 'kūṭasākṣī' and 'naraḥ'.
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)
Note: Refers to 'naraḥ'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
अनृतः (anṛtaḥ) - untrue, false, a liar
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛta
anṛta - untrue, false, lie, liar
Negative prefix 'a' + 'ṛta' (true, truth).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)
- a – not, un- (negative prefix)
indeclinable - ṛta – truth, cosmic order, righteous
noun (neuter)
From root 'ṛ' (to go, rise).
Root: ṛ (class 1)
Note: Describes 'naraḥ'.
नरः (naraḥ) - man, human being
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, human being, person
Root: nṛ
तस्य (tasya) - of Raurava (Raurava) (of that, his, its)
(pronoun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)
Note: Refers to Raurava.
स्वरूपम् (svarūpam) - nature, own form, true form
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of svarūpa
svarūpa - one's own form, true nature, intrinsic nature (dharma)
Tatpurusha compound: 'sva' (own) + 'rūpa' (form).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+rūpa)
- sva – own, self
pronoun (masculine) - rūpa – form, shape, appearance
noun (neuter)
Note: Object of 'niśāmaya'.
गदतः (gadataḥ) - of the speaker (implied 'me') (of one speaking, describing (genitive of present participle))
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of gadat
gadat - speaking, saying, describing
Present Active Participle
Derived from root 'gad' (to speak) + suffix 'at'.
Root: gad (class 1)
Note: Modifies an implied 'my' or 'one who describes'.
रौरवस्य (rauravasya) - of Raurava
(proper noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of raurava
raurava - name of a specific hell
Root: ru (class 2)
Note: Refers to the Raurava hell.
निशामय (niśāmaya) - listen, hear, perceive
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śam
Causal stem from 'śam' (to be calm) or 'śam' (to hear/observe), or potentially from root 'śā' with 'ni'.
Root 'śam', 4th or 10th class. 'niśāmayati' - 'ni' + '√śam' in causative or 10th class.
Prefix: ni
Root: śam (class 4)
Note: Implied subject is 'you'.