मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-10, verse-2
कथं सञ्जायते जन्तुः कथं वा सविवर्धते ।
कथं वोदरमध्यस्थस्तिष्ठत्यङ्गनिपीडितः ॥२॥
कथं वोदरमध्यस्थस्तिष्ठत्यङ्गनिपीडितः ॥२॥
2. kathaṃ sañjāyate jantuḥ kathaṃ vā savivardhate .
kathaṃ vodaramadhyasthastiṣṭhatyaṅganipīḍitaḥ.
kathaṃ vodaramadhyasthastiṣṭhatyaṅganipīḍitaḥ.
2.
katham sañjāyate jantuḥ katham vā sa vivardhate
katham vā udaramadhyasthaḥ tiṣṭhati aṅganipīḍitaḥ
katham vā udaramadhyasthaḥ tiṣṭhati aṅganipīḍitaḥ
2.
How is a creature (jantu) born? And how does it grow? How also does it remain, pressed by the limbs, while situated within the womb?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कथम् (katham) - how
- सञ्जायते (sañjāyate) - is born, originates, comes into existence
- जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature, living being, human being
- कथम् (katham) - how
- वा (vā) - and (connecting similar questions) (or, and)
- स (sa) - he (the creature) (he, that)
- विवर्धते (vivardhate) - grows, increases, thrives
- कथम् (katham) - how
- वा (vā) - also (connecting similar questions) (or, also)
- उदरमध्यस्थः (udaramadhyasthaḥ) - situated in the middle of the belly/womb
- तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stays, remains, stands, abides
- अङ्गनिपीडितः (aṅganipīḍitaḥ) - pressed or constricted by the limbs (of the mother) (pressed by the limbs, crushed by the body parts)
Words meanings and morphology
कथम् (katham) - how
(indeclinable)
सञ्जायते (sañjāyate) - is born, originates, comes into existence
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of saṃ-jan
Present Passive
From prefix 'sam' and root 'jan', present tense (laṭ lakāra), 3rd person singular, passive voice.
Prefix: sam
Root: jan (class 4)
जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature, living being, human being
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu
jantu - a living being, creature, human being, person
कथम् (katham) - how
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - and (connecting similar questions) (or, and)
(indeclinable)
स (sa) - he (the creature) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)
विवर्धते (vivardhate) - grows, increases, thrives
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vi-vṛdh
Present Middle
From prefix 'vi' and root 'vṛdh', present tense (laṭ lakāra), 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada).
Prefix: vi
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
कथम् (katham) - how
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - also (connecting similar questions) (or, also)
(indeclinable)
उदरमध्यस्थः (udaramadhyasthaḥ) - situated in the middle of the belly/womb
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of udaramadhyastha
udaramadhyastha - situated in the middle of the womb, located in the abdomen
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udara+madhya+stha)
- udara – belly, abdomen, womb
noun (neuter) - madhya – middle, center, mid-point
noun (neuter) - stha – standing, situated, residing, being in
adjective (masculine)
Suffix derived from root 'sthā'.
Root: sthā (class 1)
तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stays, remains, stands, abides
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā
Present Active
From root 'sthā', present tense (laṭ lakāra), 3rd person singular, active voice.
Root: sthā (class 1)
अङ्गनिपीडितः (aṅganipīḍitaḥ) - pressed or constricted by the limbs (of the mother) (pressed by the limbs, crushed by the body parts)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅganipīḍita
aṅganipīḍita - pressed by limbs, oppressed by body parts
Compound type : tṛtīyā tatpuruṣa (aṅga+nipīḍita)
- aṅga – limb, body, constituent part
noun (neuter) - nipīḍita – pressed, crushed, oppressed, tormented
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of root 'pīḍ' with prefix 'ni'.
Prefix: ni
Root: pīḍ
Note: Agrees with 'jantuḥ'.