मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-10, verse-55
अवारिदायिनो दाहं क्षुधाञ्चानन्नदायिनः ।
प्राप्नुवन्ति नराः काले तस्मिन् मृत्यावुपस्थिते ॥५५॥
प्राप्नुवन्ति नराः काले तस्मिन् मृत्यावुपस्थिते ॥५५॥
55. avāridāyino dāhaṃ kṣudhāñcānannadāyinaḥ .
prāpnuvanti narāḥ kāle tasmin mṛtyāvupasthite.
prāpnuvanti narāḥ kāle tasmin mṛtyāvupasthite.
55.
avāridāyinaḥ dāham kṣudhām ca anannadāyinaḥ
prāpnuvanti narāḥ kāle tasmin mṛtyau upasthite
prāpnuvanti narāḥ kāle tasmin mṛtyau upasthite
55.
At that time when death (mṛtyu) is present, those men who do not give water experience burning (suffering), and those who do not give food experience hunger.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अवारिदायिनः (avāridāyinaḥ) - those who withhold water (from others) (non-givers of water)
- दाहम् (dāham) - severe burning sensation or thirst (burning, heat, combustion)
- क्षुधाम् (kṣudhām) - suffering from hunger (hunger, appetite)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अनन्नदायिनः (anannadāyinaḥ) - those who withhold food (from the hungry) (non-givers of food)
- प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they experience (the suffering) (they attain, they obtain, they experience)
- नराः (narāḥ) - these men (men, people)
- काले (kāle) - at that particular time (in time, at the time)
- तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (time) (in that, at that)
- मृत्यौ (mṛtyau) - when death (mṛtyu) is near (in death, at death)
- उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having approached, being at hand (being present, being near, having arrived)
Words meanings and morphology
अवारिदायिनः (avāridāyinaḥ) - those who withhold water (from others) (non-givers of water)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of avāridāyin
avāridāyin - one who does not give water
'a' (negation) + 'vāri' (water) + 'dāyin' (giver)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vāri+dāyin)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative particle - vāri – water
noun (neuter) - dāyin – giver, bestower
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun suffix
Suffix 'ṇini' from root dā
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Subject of the first clause.
दाहम् (dāham) - severe burning sensation or thirst (burning, heat, combustion)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dāha
dāha - burning, heat, conflagration, thirst
From root dah (to burn)
Root: dah (class 1)
Note: Object of 'prāpnuvanti'.
क्षुधाम् (kṣudhām) - suffering from hunger (hunger, appetite)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣudhā
kṣudhā - hunger, appetite, starvation
From root kṣudh (to be hungry)
Root: kṣudh (class 4)
Note: Object of 'prāpnuvanti'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
अनन्नदायिनः (anannadāyinaḥ) - those who withhold food (from the hungry) (non-givers of food)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of anannadāyin
anannadāyin - one who does not give food
'an' (negation) + 'anna' (food) + 'dāyin' (giver)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+anna+dāyin)
- an – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative particle (used before vowels) - anna – food, grain, cooked rice
noun (neuter)
Past passive participle
Past passive participle from root ad (to eat)
Root: ad (class 2) - dāyin – giver, bestower
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun suffix
Suffix 'ṇini' from root dā
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Subject of the second clause.
प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they experience (the suffering) (they attain, they obtain, they experience)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prāp
Present tense, Active voice
'pra' (prefix) + root 'āp' (to obtain)
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)
नराः (narāḥ) - these men (men, people)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of nara
nara - man, person, human being
Root: nṛ
Note: Specifies the subjects ('avāridāyinaḥ' and 'anannadāyinaḥ') as 'men'.
काले (kāle) - at that particular time (in time, at the time)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kāla
kāla - time, season, period
Note: Part of locative absolute construction.
तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (time) (in that, at that)
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, those, he, she, it, they
Note: Adjective agreeing with 'kāle'.
मृत्यौ (mṛtyau) - when death (mṛtyu) is near (in death, at death)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu
mṛtyu - death, demise, end
From root mṛ (to die)
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Part of locative absolute construction.
उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having approached, being at hand (being present, being near, having arrived)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of upasthita
upasthita - standing near, present, arrived, imminent
Past Passive Participle
'upa' (prefix) + root 'sthā' (to stand)
Prefix: upa
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Participle.