महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-2, verse-72

पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्च पञ्चमम् ।
बुद्धिरात्मा मनः कालो दिशश्चैव गुणा दश ॥७२॥

72. pṛthivī vāyurākāśamāpo jyotiśca pañcamam ,
buddhirātmā manaḥ kālo diśaścaiva guṇā daśa.

72. pṛthivī vāyuḥ ākāśam āpaḥ jyotiḥ ca pañcamam
buddhiḥ ātmā manaḥ kālaḥ diśaḥ ca eva guṇāḥ daśa

72. Earth, air, ether, water, and fifthly, light; intellect, the self (ātman), mind, time, and directions—these are indeed the ten qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - Refers to the element of earth. (earth, ground, world)

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - Refers to the element of air. (air, wind, vital breath)

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - Refers to the element of ether/space. (ether, space, sky)

• आपः (āpaḥ) - Refers to the element of water. (waters)

• ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - Refers to the element of fire/light. (light, luster, fire)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पञ्चमम् (pañcamam) - Refers to light as the fifth element. (fifth)

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - Refers to the faculty of intellect. (intellect, understanding, discernment)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - Refers to the individual self or consciousness. (self, soul, spirit)

• मनः (manaḥ) - Refers to the faculty of mind. (mind, thought, consciousness)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - Refers to the concept of time. (time, period, season)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - Refers to the spatial directions. (directions, quarters, regions)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes that these are the qualities. (indeed, only, just)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes, properties

• दश (daśa) - Specifies the number of qualities listed. (ten)

Words meanings and morphology

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - Refers to the element of earth. (earth, ground, world)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land, world

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - Refers to the element of air. (air, wind, vital breath)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, vital air, god of wind

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - Refers to the element of ether/space. (ether, space, sky)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - ether, space, sky, atmosphere

From ā-kāś (to appear, shine).

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

आपः (āpaḥ) - Refers to the element of water. (waters)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - Refers to the element of fire/light. (light, luster, fire)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jyotis

jyotis - light, luster, fire, radiance

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पञ्चमम् (pañcamam) - Refers to light as the fifth element. (fifth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pañcama

pañcama - fifth

Ordinal numeral from pañcan (five).

Note: Agrees with 'jyotiḥ' which is neuter.

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - Refers to the faculty of intellect. (intellect, understanding, discernment)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, discernment

From root budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

आत्मा (ātmā) - Refers to the individual self or consciousness. (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul, universal spirit

मनः (manaḥ) - Refers to the faculty of mind. (mind, thought, consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, consciousness, spirit

From root man (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

कालः (kālaḥ) - Refers to the concept of time. (time, period, season)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, destiny, death

दिशः (diśaḥ) - Refers to the spatial directions. (directions, quarters, regions)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region, space

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes that these are the qualities. (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes, properties

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, property, virtue, strand, constituent

दश (daśa) - Specifies the number of qualities listed. (ten)

(numeral)

Note: Though a numeral, it grammatically behaves like an adjective here.