महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-2, verse-41

तामथौघवतीं राजन्स पावकसुतोऽब्रवीत् ।
अतिथेः प्रतिकूलं ते न कर्तव्यं कथंचन ॥४१॥

41. tāmathaughavatīṁ rājansa pāvakasuto'bravīt ,
atitheḥ pratikūlaṁ te na kartavyaṁ kathaṁcana.

41. tām atha oghavatīm rājan saḥ pāvakasutaḥ abravīt
atitheḥ pratīkūlam te na kartavyam kathaṃcana

41. rājan atha saḥ pāvakasutaḥ tām oghavatīm abravīt
te atitheḥ pratīkūlam kathaṃcana na kartavyam

41. Then, O King, the son of Pāvaka spoke to Oghavatī: "You should never, in any circumstance, do anything contrary to a guest's wishes."

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - her (Oghavatī) (her, that)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

• ओघवतीम् (oghavatīm) - to Oghavatī (to Oghavatī (name of a woman))

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Janamejaya) (O King)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the son of Pāvaka) (he, that)

• पावकसुतः (pāvakasutaḥ) - the son of Pāvaka (Kumāra/Skanda) (son of Pāvaka (fire god Agni))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

• अतिथेः (atitheḥ) - of a guest

• प्रतीकूलम् (pratīkūlam) - contrary (to the guest's wishes) (contrary, unfavorable, adverse)

• ते (te) - by you (referring to Oghavatī) (by you, for you, to you, your)

• न (na) - not

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done (should be done, ought to be done)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any circumstance, by any means (in any way, by any means (with negative), somehow)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - her (Oghavatī) (her, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to Oghavatī.

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

ओघवतीम् (oghavatīm) - to Oghavatī (to Oghavatī (name of a woman))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of oghavatī

oghavatī - name of a woman (daughter of King Janaka)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Janamejaya) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Vocative case for address.

सः (saḥ) - he (the son of Pāvaka) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the son of Pāvaka (Agni).

पावकसुतः (pāvakasutaḥ) - the son of Pāvaka (Kumāra/Skanda) (son of Pāvaka (fire god Agni))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāvakasuta

pāvakasuta - son of Pāvaka (Agni, the fire god)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāvaka+suta)

• pāvaka – fire, purifier, Agni (the fire god)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'pū' (to purify).
  Root: pū (class 1)
• suta – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'sū' (to beget, produce) as a past passive participle used as a noun.
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Refers to Kumāra, the son of Agni.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

अतिथेः (atitheḥ) - of a guest

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, visitor, stranger

प्रतीकूलम् (pratīkūlam) - contrary (to the guest's wishes) (contrary, unfavorable, adverse)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratīkūla

pratīkūla - contrary, adverse, unfavorable, opposite

Prefix: prati

Root: kūla

Note: Functions here as a noun, meaning 'something contrary'.

ते (te) - by you (referring to Oghavatī) (by you, for you, to you, your)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

Note: Used here in the sense of instrumental agent for a passive construction ('by you').

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done (should be done, ought to be done)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive

Gerundive from root 'kṛ' (to do), expressing obligation or potentiality.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with 'pratīkūlam' (as the subject of the passive construction).

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any circumstance, by any means (in any way, by any means (with negative), somehow)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the negative.