महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-2, verse-12

दुर्जयस्येन्द्रवपुषः पुत्रोऽग्निसदृशद्युतिः ।
दुर्योधनो नाम महान्राजासीद्राजसत्तम ॥१२॥

12. durjayasyendravapuṣaḥ putro'gnisadṛśadyutiḥ ,
duryodhano nāma mahānrājāsīdrājasattama.

12. durjayasya indravapuṣaḥ putraḥ agnisadṛśadyutiḥ
duryodhanaḥ nāma mahān rājā āsīt rājasattama

12. indravapuṣaḥ durjayasya putraḥ agnisadṛśadyutiḥ
duryodhanaḥ nāma mahān rājā rājasattama āsīt

12. The son of Durjaya, who had a body like Indra, was named Duryodhana, possessing splendor like fire; he was a great king, the best among kings.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्जयस्य (durjayasya) - of King Durjaya (of Durjaya, of the unconquerable one)

• इन्द्रवपुषः (indravapuṣaḥ) - of Durjaya, who had a body like Indra (of one whose body is like Indra)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

• अग्निसदृशद्युतिः (agnisadṛśadyutiḥ) - possessing splendor like fire (having splendor like fire)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - named Duryodhana, a proper name (difficult to fight with, a proper name (Duryodhana))

• नाम (nāma) - named (introducing a proper name) (by name, named, indeed, truly)

• महान् (mahān) - a great king (great, large, mighty)

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he was (he/she/it was)

• राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - the best among kings (best among kings, excellent king)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्जयस्य (durjayasya) - of King Durjaya (of Durjaya, of the unconquerable one)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durjaya

durjaya - difficult to conquer, unconquerable; a proper name

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dus+jaya)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun/action noun
  derived from root ji- (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

इन्द्रवपुषः (indravapuṣaḥ) - of Durjaya, who had a body like Indra (of one whose body is like Indra)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of indravapuṣ

indravapuṣ - whose body is like Indra, having the form of Indra

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (indra+vapus)

• indra – Indra, king of the gods
  proper noun (masculine)
• vapus – body, form, figure
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes Durjaya.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

अग्निसदृशद्युतिः (agnisadṛśadyutiḥ) - possessing splendor like fire (having splendor like fire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agnisadṛśadyuti

agnisadṛśadyuti - having splendor like fire

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (agni+sadṛśa+dyuti)

• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
• sadṛśa – like, similar, resembling
  adjective (masculine)
• dyuti – light, splendor, brilliance, luster
  noun (feminine)

Note: Describes the son Duryodhana.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - named Duryodhana, a proper name (difficult to fight with, a proper name (Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - difficult to fight with, formidable in war; a proper name

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dus+yodhana)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun/action noun
  derived from root yudh- (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

नाम (nāma) - named (introducing a proper name) (by name, named, indeed, truly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often functions as an indeclinable 'by name'.

महान् (mahān) - a great king (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive, eminent

Note: Declines as a participial stem.

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

आसीत् (āsīt) - he was (he/she/it was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - the best among kings (best among kings, excellent king)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājasattama

rājasattama - best among kings, most excellent king

Superlative degree compound (rājan + sat-tama)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+sattama)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'sat' (good, existing)

Note: Here, the word is in the nominative case for description, referring to Duryodhana as 'the best among kings'.