महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-2, verse-26

एतद्राज्ञो वचः श्रुत्वा विप्रास्ते भरतर्षभ ।
नियता वाग्यताश्चैव पावकं शरणं ययुः ॥२६॥

26. etadrājño vacaḥ śrutvā viprāste bharatarṣabha ,
niyatā vāgyatāścaiva pāvakaṁ śaraṇaṁ yayuḥ.

26. etat rājñaḥ vacaḥ śrutvā viprāḥ te bharatarṣabha
niyatāḥ vāgyatāḥ ca eva pāvakam śaraṇam yayuḥ

26. O best of the Bharatas, having heard these words of the king, those Brahmins, self-controlled and with disciplined speech, indeed went to Agni for refuge.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, utterance

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins, sages, learned ones

• ते (te) - they, those

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

• नियताः (niyatāḥ) - restrained, self-controlled, disciplined

• वाग्यताः (vāgyatāḥ) - having speech controlled, silent

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• पावकम् (pāvakam) - to the fire, to Agni

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went, they resorted

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, this here

Note: Qualifies 'vacaḥ'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Possessive, 'of the king'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Denotes prior action to 'yayuḥ'.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins, sages, learned ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, sage, inspired one

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'viprāḥ'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best among the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, name of a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to a listener/narratee.

नियताः (niyatāḥ) - restrained, self-controlled, disciplined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niyata

niyata - restrained, controlled, disciplined, fixed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ni + root yam (to restrain)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'viprāḥ'.

वाग्यताः (vāgyatāḥ) - having speech controlled, silent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāgyata

vāgyata - having speech controlled, silent, ascetic in speech

Past Passive Participle (yata)

Compound of vāc (speech) + yata (controlled)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāc+yata)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• yata – controlled, restrained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (to restrain)
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'viprāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पावकम् (pāvakam) - to the fire, to Agni

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, pure, purifying

From root pū (to purify)

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Object of motion.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, home

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: 'śaraṇaṃ gam' means 'to take refuge'.

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went, they resorted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Root reduplication.