महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-2, verse-88

भीष्म उवाच ।
शुक्लानां तु सहस्रेण वाजिनां रथमुत्तमम् ।
युक्तं प्रगृह्य भगवान्व्यवसायो जगाम तम् ॥८८॥

88. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śuklānāṁ tu sahasreṇa vājināṁ rathamuttamam ,
yuktaṁ pragṛhya bhagavānvyavasāyo jagāma tam.

88. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca śuklānām tu sahasreṇa vājinām ratham
uttamam yuktam pragṛhya bhagavān vyavasāyaḥ jagāma tam

88. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bhagavān व्यवसायः śuklānām vājinām
sahasreṇa yuktam uttamam ratham pragṛhya tam jagāma

88. Bhishma said: Taking hold of the excellent chariot, yoked with a thousand white horses, the venerable Determination (vyavasāya) went to him.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable patriarch Bhishma from the Mahābhārata. (Bhishma (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शुक्लानाम् (śuklānām) - of white horses (of white ones, of white)

• तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, yet, then)

• सहस्रेण (sahasreṇa) - by a thousand, with a thousand

• वाजिनाम् (vājinām) - of horses, of steeds

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, excellent, best

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - yoked (with horses) (yoked, joined, equipped)

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having taken, having grasped, taking hold of

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable (personification of Resolve) (venerable, lord, illustrious, divine)

• व्यवसायः (vyavasāyaḥ) - the personified entity of Determination. (determination, resolve, effort, business)

• जगाम (jagāma) - went, proceeded

• तम् (tam) - to him (the implied recipient or destination) (him, that)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable patriarch Bhishma from the Mahābhārata. (Bhishma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma, formidable, terrible

Note: The speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

root vac (2nd class), perfect third person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

शुक्लानाम् (śuklānām) - of white horses (of white ones, of white)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śukla

śukla - white, bright, clear, pure

Note: Qualifies 'vājinām'.

तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, yet, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सहस्रेण (sahasreṇa) - by a thousand, with a thousand

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sahasra

sahasra - a thousand

Note: Used in the sense of 'by means of a thousand'.

वाजिनाम् (vājinām) - of horses, of steeds

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - horse, steed, strong, swift

Note: Governed by 'sahasreṇa' in a genitive relation (a thousand of horses).

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, excellent, best

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Prefix: ud

Root: tam

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

युक्तम् (yuktam) - yoked (with horses) (yoked, joined, equipped)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - yoked, joined, engaged, fit, proper

Past Passive Participle

from root yuj (7th class) 'to yoke, join'

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having taken, having grasped, taking hold of

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root grah (9th class) with prefix pra-, and suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'jagāma'.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable (personification of Resolve) (venerable, lord, illustrious, divine)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - illustrious, divine, venerable, fortunate, lord

from bhaga (fortune) + -vat (possessive suffix)

Note: Qualifies 'vyavasāyaḥ'.

व्यवसायः (vyavasāyaḥ) - the personified entity of Determination. (determination, resolve, effort, business)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasāya

vyavasāya - determination, resolve, undertaking, effort, business

from root so (4th class) 'to end, destroy' with prefixes vi- and ava-

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'jagāma'.

जगाम (jagāma) - went, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect tense

root gam (1st class), perfect third person singular active

Root: gam (class 1)

तम् (tam) - to him (the implied recipient or destination) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of motion, referring to a previously mentioned entity.