महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-22

तां दृष्ट्वा चिन्तयामास शंतनुः पुरुषर्षभः ।
स्यन्दते किं न्वियं नाद्य सरिच्छ्रेष्ठा यथा पुरा ॥२२॥

22. tāṁ dṛṣṭvā cintayāmāsa śaṁtanuḥ puruṣarṣabhaḥ ,
syandate kiṁ nviyaṁ nādya saricchreṣṭhā yathā purā.

22. tām dṛṣṭvā cintayāmāsa śaṃtanuḥ puruṣarṣabhaḥ |
syandate kim nu iyam na adya saricchreṣṭhā yathā purā

22. Seeing her, Shantanu, the foremost of men, pondered, 'Why does this best of rivers not flow today as it did before?'

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - the Gaṅgā river (her, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he pondered

• शंतनुः (śaṁtanuḥ) - Shantanu (proper name)

• पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - best among men, bull among men

• स्यन्दते (syandate) - flows, streams

• किम् (kim) - what, why, whether

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then, an interrogative particle

• इयम् (iyam) - this river (this (feminine))

• न (na) - not, no

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• सरिच्छ्रेष्ठा (saricchreṣṭhā) - best of rivers

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, just as

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, before, in ancient times

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - the Gaṅgā river (her, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √dṛś (to see). The absolutive form is 'dṛṣṭvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he pondered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of cint

Perfect tense

Derived from the root √cit (to perceive, to observe) in the 10th class (causative stem) as √cint.

Root: cit (class 10)

शंतनुः (śaṁtanuḥ) - Shantanu (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - Shantanu (a king of the Lunar Dynasty)

पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - best among men, bull among men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - chief of men, noblest of men, best among men

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull (often used as an epithet for excellence), chief, best
  noun (masculine)

स्यन्दते (syandate) - flows, streams

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of syand

Present tense

Root: syand (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what, why, whether

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then, an interrogative particle

(indeclinable)

इयम् (iyam) - this river (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

सरिच्छ्रेष्ठा (saricchreṣṭhā) - best of rivers

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saricchreṣṭhā

saricchreṣṭhā - best of rivers, most excellent river

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarit+śreṣṭhā)

• sarit – river, stream
  noun (feminine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (feminine)

यथा (yathā) - as, like, just as

(indeclinable)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, before, in ancient times

(indeclinable)