महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-54

ततः कदाचिच्छोचन्तं शंतनुं ध्यानमास्थितम् ।
पुत्रो देवव्रतोऽभ्येत्य पितरं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥५४॥

54. tataḥ kadācicchocantaṁ śaṁtanuṁ dhyānamāsthitam ,
putro devavrato'bhyetya pitaraṁ vākyamabravīt.

54. tataḥ kadācit śocantam śaṃtanum dhyānam āsthitam
putraḥ devavrataḥ abhyetya pitaram vākyam abravīt

54. Then, one day, Devavrata, his son, approached his father Śantanu, who was grieving and absorbed in meditation, and spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates a sequence of events. (then, from there, thereafter)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - Indicates an unspecified time in the past. (once, at some time, perhaps)

• शोचन्तम् (śocantam) - Describes the state of Śantanu. (lamenting, grieving)

• शंतनुम् (śaṁtanum) - The king, father of Devavrata. (Śantanu)

• ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - meditation, contemplation

• आस्थितम् (āsthitam) - Describes Śantanu's state regarding meditation. (engaged in, absorbed in, resorted to)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Refers to Devavrata. (son)

• देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - The son of Śantanu, later Bhīṣma. (Devavrata (proper name))

• अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached, having come near

• पितरम् (pitaram) - Refers to Śantanu. (father)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - The words that follow in the next verse. (word, speech, sentence)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates a sequence of events. (then, from there, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' with suffix -tas

कदाचित् (kadācit) - Indicates an unspecified time in the past. (once, at some time, perhaps)

(indeclinable)

From 'kadā' with suffix 'cit'

शोचन्तम् (śocantam) - Describes the state of Śantanu. (lamenting, grieving)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śocat

śocat - lamenting, grieving

Present Active Participle

From √śuc (to grieve, lament), 1st class, with suffix -śatṛ

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śaṃtanum'.

शंतनुम् (śaṁtanum) - The king, father of Devavrata. (Śantanu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - Śantanu (proper name of a king)

Note: Object of 'abhyetya' (implicitly) and further described.

ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - meditation, contemplation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhyāna

dhyāna - meditation, contemplation

From √dhyā (to meditate)

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āsthitam' (having resorted to/engaged in).

आस्थितम् (āsthitam) - Describes Śantanu's state regarding meditation. (engaged in, absorbed in, resorted to)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - engaged in, absorbed in, resorted to, situated

Past Passive Participle

From √sthā (to stand) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śaṃtanum'.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Refers to Devavrata. (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: In apposition to Devavrata.

देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - The son of Śantanu, later Bhīṣma. (Devavrata (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devavrata

devavrata - Devavrata (proper name)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+vrata)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached, having come near

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From √i (to go) with upasargas abhi and prati, with suffix -lyap

Prefixes: abhi+prati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'spoke'.

पितरम् (pitaram) - Refers to Śantanu. (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of 'abhyetya'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - The words that follow in the next verse. (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bravīt

Imperfect 3rd Person Singular

From √brū (to speak), 2nd class, imperfect (laṅ)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.