महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-31

गङ्गोवाच ।
यं पुत्रमष्टमं राजंस्त्वं पुरा मय्यजायिथाः ।
स तेऽयं पुरुषव्याघ्र नयस्वैनं गृहान्तिकम् ॥३१॥

31. gaṅgovāca ,
yaṁ putramaṣṭamaṁ rājaṁstvaṁ purā mayyajāyithāḥ ,
sa te'yaṁ puruṣavyāghra nayasvainaṁ gṛhāntikam.

31. gaṅgā uvāca yam putram aṣṭamam rājan tvam purā mayi
ajāyithāḥ sa te ayam puruṣavyāghra nayasva enam gṛhāntikam

31. Ganga said, "O King, this is that eighth son whom you begot in me in the past. O tiger among men, take him home."

Words meanings summery:

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Ganga

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• यम् (yam) - whom, which

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• अष्टमम् (aṣṭamam) - eighth

• राजन् (rājan) - O King!

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in the past

• मयि (mayi) - in me

• अजायिथाः (ajāyithāḥ) - you begot (literally, 'caused to be born in me') (you begot, you were born (from))

• स (sa) - this (referring to the boy) (he, that)

• ते (te) - your (genitive) (to you, your (genitive/dative of tvam))

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the boy) (this)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men (addressing Shantanu) (O tiger among men! (epithet for a great warrior/person))

• नयस्व (nayasva) - take, lead (imperative)

• एनम् (enam) - the boy (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

• गृहान्तिकम् (gṛhāntikam) - to the vicinity of home, home

Words meanings and morphology

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Ganga

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - Ganga (proper noun, name of the river goddess)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यम् (yam) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Agrees with putram.

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of ajāyithāḥ.

अष्टमम् (aṣṭamam) - eighth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aṣṭama

aṣṭama - eighth

Ordinal number derived from aṣṭan (eight).

Note: Agrees with putram.

राजन् (rājan) - O King!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Direct address.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of ajāyithāḥ.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in the past

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

मयि (mayi) - in me

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Locative of aham.

अजायिथाः (ajāyithāḥ) - you begot (literally, 'caused to be born in me') (you begot, you were born (from))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, past aorist (luṅ) of jan

Aorist

2nd person singular aorist middle of root jan

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The active meaning "begot" is appropriate here.

स (sa) - this (referring to the boy) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the eighth son.

ते (te) - your (genitive) (to you, your (genitive/dative of tvam))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Genitive of tvam, showing possession.

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the boy) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with sa.

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men (addressing Shantanu) (O tiger among men! (epithet for a great warrior/person))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address, epithet for Shantanu.

नयस्व (nayasva) - take, lead (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of nī

Imperative

2nd person singular imperative middle of root nī

Root: nī (class 1)

एनम् (enam) - the boy (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, he, she, it

Note: Object of nayasva.

गृहान्तिकम् (gṛhāntikam) - to the vicinity of home, home

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛhāntika

gṛhāntika - vicinity of home, home

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+antika)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
• antika – vicinity, proximity, near
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating destination ("to home").