महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-37

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तयैवं समनुज्ञातः पुत्रमादाय शंतनुः ।
भ्राजमानं यथादित्यमाययौ स्वपुरं प्रति ॥३७॥

37. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tayaivaṁ samanujñātaḥ putramādāya śaṁtanuḥ ,
bhrājamānaṁ yathādityamāyayau svapuraṁ prati.

37. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tayā evam samanuññātaḥ putram ādāya
śantanuḥ bhrājamānam yathā ādityam āyayau sva-puram prati

37. Vaiśampāyana said: Thus permitted by her (Gaṅgā), Śantanu, taking his son who was shining like the sun, returned to his own city.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तया (tayā) - by her (Gaṅgā) (by her)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• समनुञ्ञातः (samanuññātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, assented to

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking

• शन्तनुः (śantanuḥ) - Śantanu (name of a king)

• भ्राजमानम् (bhrājamānam) - his son, who was shining (shining, resplendent, gleaming)

• यथा (yathā) - like, as, in the manner that

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun (the sun, a deity of the Āditya class)

• आययौ (āyayau) - came, returned

• स्व-पुरम् (sva-puram) - to his own city

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a celebrated sage, a pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root 'vac' (class 2), 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

तया (tayā) - by her (Gaṅgā) (by her)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

समनुञ्ञातः (samanuññātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, assented to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samanuññāta

samanuññāta - permitted, allowed, assented, approved

Past Passive Participle

From prefixes 'sam-' 'anu-' and root 'jñā' (to know, perceive, permit).

Prefixes: sam+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From prefix 'ā-' and root 'dā' (to give/take) with '-ya' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

शन्तनुः (śantanuḥ) - Śantanu (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śantanu

śantanu - name of a king, father of Bhīṣma

भ्राजमानम् (bhrājamānam) - his son, who was shining (shining, resplendent, gleaming)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrājamāna

bhrājamāna - shining, glittering, splendid, radiant

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root 'bhrāj' (to shine), present active participle.

Root: bhrāj (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - like, as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun (the sun, a deity of the Āditya class)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, son of Aditi, a deity of the Āditya class

आययौ (āyayau) - came, returned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ā-i

Perfect Tense

Root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ā-' (towards), 3rd person singular perfect active.

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

स्व-पुरम् (sva-puram) - to his own city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva-pura

sva-pura - one's own city, hometown

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+pura)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• pura – city, town, fortress
  noun (neuter)

प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the accusative case ('sva-puram').