महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-57

अपत्यं नस्त्वमेवैकः कुले महति भारत ।
अनित्यता च मर्त्यानामतः शोचामि पुत्रक ॥५७॥

57. apatyaṁ nastvamevaikaḥ kule mahati bhārata ,
anityatā ca martyānāmataḥ śocāmi putraka.

57. apatyam naḥ tvam eva ekaḥ kule mahati bhārata
anityatā ca martyānām ataḥ śocāmi putraka

57. O Bhārata, you are our only offspring in this great lineage. And because of the impermanence of mortals, O dear son, I grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• अपत्यम् (apatyam) - Refers to Devavrata. (offspring, child)

• नः (naḥ) - Refers to Śantanu and his lineage. (our, to us)

• त्वमेवैकः (tvamevaikaḥ) - Emphasizing Devavrata as Śantanu's sole offspring. (you alone are the only one)

• कुले (kule) - The Kuru dynasty. (in the family, in the lineage)

• महति (mahati) - Describes the importance of the Kuru lineage. (great, large, noble)

• भारत (bhārata) - Vocative address for Devavrata (son of Śantanu, from the Bharata dynasty). (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

• अनित्यता (anityatā) - The temporary nature of human life and existence. (impermanence, transience, instability)

• च (ca) - Connects the idea of being the sole offspring with the impermanence of mortals. (and, also)

• मर्त्यानाम् (martyānām) - of mortals, of human beings

• अतः (ataḥ) - Connects the reason (impermanence, sole offspring) to the act of grieving. (therefore, for this reason)

• शोचामि (śocāmi) - Śantanu's confession of his sorrow. (I grieve, I lament)

• पुत्रक (putraka) - An affectionate vocative for Devavrata. (O dear son, little son)

Words meanings and morphology

अपत्यम् (apatyam) - Refers to Devavrata. (offspring, child)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apatya

apatya - offspring, child

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

नः (naḥ) - Refers to Śantanu and his lineage. (our, to us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

त्वमेवैकः (tvamevaikaḥ) - Emphasizing Devavrata as Śantanu's sole offspring. (you alone are the only one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvam eva eka

tvam eva eka - you, only, one/sole

Combination of 'tvam' (you), 'eva' (only), and 'eka' (one), merged by vowel sandhi (a + e = ai) and consonantal sandhi into a single phonetic unit.

Note: Subject of the sentence ('you are').

कुले (kule) - The Kuru dynasty. (in the family, in the lineage)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan

महति (mahati) - Describes the importance of the Kuru lineage. (great, large, noble)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, noble

Note: Modifies 'kule'.

भारत (bhārata) - Vocative address for Devavrata (son of Śantanu, from the Bharata dynasty). (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian

अनित्यता (anityatā) - The temporary nature of human life and existence. (impermanence, transience, instability)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anityatā

anityatā - impermanence, transience

From 'a-' (negation) + 'nitya' (eternal) + '-tā' (abstract noun suffix)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+nityatā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• nityatā – eternity, permanence
  noun (feminine)
  From 'nitya' (eternal) + '-tā'

Note: Subject of a clause explaining the reason for grief.

च (ca) - Connects the idea of being the sole offspring with the impermanence of mortals. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मर्त्यानाम् (martyānām) - of mortals, of human beings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of martya

martya - mortal, human being

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive of 'anityatā'.

अतः (ataḥ) - Connects the reason (impermanence, sole offspring) to the act of grieving. (therefore, for this reason)

(indeclinable)

From 'idam' (this) with suffix -tas

शोचामि (śocāmi) - Śantanu's confession of his sorrow. (I grieve, I lament)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Present Indicative 1st Person Singular

From √śuc (to grieve), 1st class, present tense (laṭ)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

पुत्रक (putraka) - An affectionate vocative for Devavrata. (O dear son, little son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - dear son, little son (diminutive)

From 'putra' (son) with diminutive suffix '-ka'