महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-82

इदं तु वचनं सौम्य कार्यं चैव निबोध मे ।
कौमारिकाणां शीलेन वक्ष्याम्यहमरिंदम ॥८२॥

82. idaṁ tu vacanaṁ saumya kāryaṁ caiva nibodha me ,
kaumārikāṇāṁ śīlena vakṣyāmyahamariṁdama.

82. idam tu vacanam saumya kāryam ca eva nibodha
me kaumārikāṇām śīlena vakṣyāmi aham ariṃdama

82. But, O gentle one, understand this statement and this condition from me. I shall speak, O subduer of enemies, concerning the conduct of maidens.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this (statement, condition) (this, here)

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, speech, statement, promise)

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (addressing Śantanu) (O gentle one, O tranquil one, O amiable one)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - condition, matter (which needs to be addressed) (deed, task, what is to be done, duty)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - also (indeed, only, certainly)

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand (understand, perceive, know)

• मे (me) - from me (to me, for me, from me, my)

• कौमारिकाणाम् (kaumārikāṇām) - of the maidens (Satyavatī) (of the maidens, concerning young girls)

• शीलेन (śīlena) - concerning the conduct/character (by conduct, by nature, concerning the character)

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall speak (I will speak, I will say)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Daśa) (I)

• अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O subduer of enemies (vocative, addressing Śantanu) (O subduer of enemies, O conqueror of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this (statement, condition) (this, here)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam' and 'kāryam'.

तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a slight contrast or continuation.

वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, speech, statement, promise)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, declaration, promise

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (addressing Śantanu) (O gentle one, O tranquil one, O amiable one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, amiable, tranquil, placid; relating to Soma

कार्यम् (kāryam) - condition, matter (which needs to be addressed) (deed, task, what is to be done, duty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, proper to be done; a deed, task, business, purpose

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Derived from root kṛ- (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'nibodha', implying 'this thing which needs to be done/addressed'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'vacanam' and 'kāryam'.

एव (eva) - also (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

निबोध (nibodha) - understand (understand, perceive, know)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative Mood

2nd person singular, active voice, imperative mood of root budh- with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me (to me, for me, from me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Used with 'nibodha' to mean 'understand from me'.

कौमारिकाणाम् (kaumārikāṇām) - of the maidens (Satyavatī) (of the maidens, concerning young girls)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of kaumārikā

kaumārikā - young girl, maiden

Note: Plural used for generalization, but context implies specifically for Satyavatī.

शीलेन (śīlena) - concerning the conduct/character (by conduct, by nature, concerning the character)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śīla

śīla - conduct, character, habit, nature, disposition

Root: śīl (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case can indicate 'by means of' or 'concerning'.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall speak (I will speak, I will say)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Tense

1st person singular, active voice, future tense

Root: vac (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Daśa) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O subduer of enemies (vocative, addressing Śantanu) (O subduer of enemies, O conqueror of foes)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - subduer of enemies, conqueror of foes

Compound: ari (enemy) + dama (subduing, taming)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing, restraint
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dam- (to tame, subdue)
  Root: dam (class 1)