महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-55

सर्वतो भवतः क्षेमं विधेयाः सर्वपार्थिवाः ।
तत्किमर्थमिहाभीक्ष्णं परिशोचसि दुःखितः ।
ध्यायन्निव च किं राजन्नाभिभाषसि किंचन ॥५५॥

55. sarvato bhavataḥ kṣemaṁ vidheyāḥ sarvapārthivāḥ ,
tatkimarthamihābhīkṣṇaṁ pariśocasi duḥkhitaḥ ,
dhyāyanniva ca kiṁ rājannābhibhāṣasi kiṁcana.

55. sarvataḥ bhavataḥ kṣemam vidheyāḥ
sarvapārthivāḥ tat kimartham iha abhīkṣṇam
pariśocasi duḥkhitaḥ dhyāyan iva
ca kim rājan na abhibhāṣasi kiñcana

55. O King, you are completely secure, and all rulers are subservient to you. So why are you constantly grieving here, distressed, and why, as if in deep meditation, do you not speak at all?

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere, completely

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - Refers to King Śantanu. (of you, your (respectful))

• क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - welfare, prosperity, safety

• विधेयाः (vidheyāḥ) - Submissive to Śantanu's rule. (to be made, to be performed, submissive, obedient, controllable)

• सर्वपार्थिवाः (sarvapārthivāḥ) - all kings, all rulers of the earth

• तत् (tat) - As an adverb, indicating a consequence. (therefore, then, that)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

• इहाभीक्ष्णम् (ihābhīkṣṇam) - Repeatedly in this place/situation. (constantly here)

• परिशोचसि (pariśocasi) - Intensified grieving due to the prefix 'pari'. (you grieve, you lament)

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - Describes Śantanu's emotional state. (distressed, unhappy, sorrowful)

• ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - Describes Śantanu's posture/state. (meditating, contemplating)

• इव (iva) - Indicates a comparison to someone meditating. (like, as if)

• च (ca) - Connects the two questions. (and, also)

• किम् (kim) - Interrogative adverb. (what, why)

• राजन् (rājan) - Devavrata addressing his father. (O King)

• नाभिभाषसि (nābhibhāṣasi) - you do not speak

• किञ्चन (kiñcana) - Coupled with 'na' (nābhibhāṣasi kiñcana) means 'you speak nothing at all'. (anything, something (when negated: not anything, nothing))

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere, completely

(indeclinable)

From 'sarva' with suffix -tas

Note: Modifies 'kṣemam'.

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - Refers to King Śantanu. (of you, your (respectful))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your, respectful 'you'

Present Active Participle

From √bhū (to be, exist), 1st class, with suffix -śatṛ, used as a respectful pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - welfare, prosperity, safety

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣema

kṣema - welfare, prosperity, safety

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

विधेयाः (vidheyāḥ) - Submissive to Śantanu's rule. (to be made, to be performed, submissive, obedient, controllable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidheya

vidheya - to be governed, submissive, obedient

Gerundive

From √dhā (to place) with upasarga vi. Suffix -eya.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'sarvapārthivāḥ'.

सर्वपार्थिवाः (sarvapārthivāḥ) - all kings, all rulers of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvapārthiva

sarvapārthiva - all rulers of the earth, all kings

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+pārthiva)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• pārthiva – king, ruler (of the earth)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied 'are').

तत् (tat) - As an adverb, indicating a consequence. (therefore, then, that)

(indeclinable)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'kim' (what) and 'artha' (purpose)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, who, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

इहाभीक्ष्णम् (ihābhīkṣṇam) - Repeatedly in this place/situation. (constantly here)

(indeclinable)

Combination of 'iha' (here) and 'abhīkṣṇa' (constant), merged by vowel sandhi (a + a = ā) into a single adverbial unit.

परिशोचसि (pariśocasi) - Intensified grieving due to the prefix 'pari'. (you grieve, you lament)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pariśuc

Present Indicative 2nd Person Singular

From √śuc (to grieve) with upasarga pari, 1st class, present tense (laṭ)

Prefix: pari

Root: śuc (class 1)

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - Describes Śantanu's emotional state. (distressed, unhappy, sorrowful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, unhappy, sorrowful

Past Passive Participle (derived form)

From duḥkha (sorrow) + -ita suffix, functioning as a participle.

Note: Describes the implicit subject 'you'.

ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - Describes Śantanu's posture/state. (meditating, contemplating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhyāyat

dhyāyat - meditating, contemplating

Present Active Participle

From √dhyā (to meditate), 1st class, with suffix -śatṛ

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implicit subject 'you'.

इव (iva) - Indicates a comparison to someone meditating. (like, as if)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - Connects the two questions. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - Interrogative adverb. (what, why)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - Devavrata addressing his father. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

नाभिभाषसि (nābhibhāṣasi) - you do not speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of na abhibhāṣ

Present Indicative 2nd Person Singular (negative)

Combination of 'na' (not) and 'abhibhāṣasi' (you speak), merged by vowel sandhi (a + a = ā). From √bhāṣ (to speak) with upasarga abhi, 1st class, present tense (laṭ).

Prefixes: na+abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

किञ्चन (kiñcana) - Coupled with 'na' (nābhibhāṣasi kiñcana) means 'you speak nothing at all'. (anything, something (when negated: not anything, nothing))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kiñcana

kiñcana - anything, something, whatever

From 'kim' + 'cana'