महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-41

स कदाचिद्वनं यातो यमुनामभितो नदीम् ।
महीपतिरनिर्देश्यमाजिघ्रद्गन्धमुत्तमम् ॥४१॥

41. sa kadācidvanaṁ yāto yamunāmabhito nadīm ,
mahīpatiranirdeśyamājighradgandhamuttamam.

41. sa kadācit vanaṃ yātaḥ yamunām abhitaḥ nadīm
mahīpatiḥ anirdeśyam ājighrat gandham uttamam

41. One day, that king, having gone to the forest near the river Yamuna, smelled an excellent, indescribable fragrance.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - The king (Dushyanta) (he, that)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - one day, on one occasion (once, sometimes, at some time)

• वनं (vanaṁ) - forest, wood

• यातः (yātaḥ) - having gone (gone, proceeded)

• यमुनाम् (yamunām) - the Yamuna (river)

• अभितः (abhitaḥ) - near (near, around, on both sides of)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - (the river) (river)

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - The king (Dushyanta) (lord of the earth, king)

• अनिर्देश्यम् (anirdeśyam) - indescribable, indefinable

• आजिघ्रत् (ājighrat) - he smelled

• गन्धम् (gandham) - smell, odor, fragrance

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - The king (Dushyanta) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कदाचित् (kadācit) - one day, on one occasion (once, sometimes, at some time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time

वनं (vanaṁ) - forest, wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Directional accusative, 'to the forest'.

यातः (yātaḥ) - having gone (gone, proceeded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, gone to, proceeded

Past Passive Participle

From root √yā (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used here actively.

यमुनाम् (yamunām) - the Yamuna (river)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yamunā

yamunā - the river Yamuna (a sacred river in India)

Note: Object of abhitaḥ.

अभितः (abhitaḥ) - near (near, around, on both sides of)

(indeclinable)

Adverb/preposition governing accusative.

नदीम् (nadīm) - (the river) (river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Note: Appositive to Yamunām.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - The king (Dushyanta) (lord of the earth, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

Compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of ājighrat.

अनिर्देश्यम् (anirdeśyam) - indescribable, indefinable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anirdeśya

anirdeśya - not to be pointed out, indescribable, indefinable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle) + negative 'a'

Formed from nir-diś + ya suffix + negative prefix a.

Compound type : pradi-tatpurusha (a+nirdeśya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• nirdeśya – to be pointed out, to be indicated
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root √diś with prefix nir, suffix -ya
  Prefix: nir
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with gandham.

आजिघ्रत् (ājighrat) - he smelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-ghrā

Imperfect

Third person singular active. From root √ghrā with upasarga ā. Root is reduplicated in present/imperfect stem.

Prefix: ā

Root: ghrā (class 1)

गन्धम् (gandham) - smell, odor, fragrance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance, scent

Note: Object of ājighrat.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - uppermost, highest, best, excellent, principal, first

Superlative of 'ud' (up, out)

Note: Agrees with gandham.