महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-40

स तथा सह पुत्रेण रममाणो महीपतिः ।
वर्तयामास वर्षाणि चत्वार्यमितविक्रमः ॥४०॥

40. sa tathā saha putreṇa ramamāṇo mahīpatiḥ ,
vartayāmāsa varṣāṇi catvāryamitavikramaḥ.

40. sa tathā saha putreṇa ramamāṇaḥ mahīpatiḥ
vartayāmāsa varṣāṇi catvāri amitavikramaḥ

40. Thus, that king of immeasurable valor, delighting with his son, spent four years (in his reign).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - The king (Dushyanta) (he, that)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with his son (Bharata) (by/with the son)

• रममाणः (ramamāṇaḥ) - delighting, enjoying, sporting

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - lord of the earth, king

• वर्तयामास (vartayāmāsa) - he passed, he caused to pass, he spent

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

• अमितविक्रमः (amitavikramaḥ) - of immeasurable valor, of endless might

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - The king (Dushyanta) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the subject of the sentence, the king.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Adverb

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Preposition (governs instrumental case)

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with his son (Bharata) (by/with the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Governed by saha.

रममाणः (ramamāṇaḥ) - delighting, enjoying, sporting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ram

ram - to delight, enjoy, sport, amuse oneself

Present Middle Participle

Present participle, Atmanepada, nominative singular masculine.

Root: ram (class 1)

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - lord of the earth, king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

Compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

वर्तयामास (vartayāmāsa) - he passed, he caused to pass, he spent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vṛt

Perfect tense, Causative

Periphrastic perfect 3rd person singular active, formed from vṛt (causative vartayati) + āmāsa (perfect of as).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon, cloud

Note: Object of vartayāmāsa.

चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with varṣāṇi.

अमितविक्रमः (amitavikramaḥ) - of immeasurable valor, of endless might

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amitavikrama

amitavikrama - one whose valor is immeasurable, of irresistible might

Bahuvrihi compound: amita (immeasurable) + vikrama (valor/might).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (amita+vikrama)

• amita – unmeasured, immeasurable, boundless
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √mā with prefix a (negative)
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 2)
• vikrama – valor, courage, might, strength, step
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with mahīpatiḥ.