महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-10

स हास्तिनपुरे रम्ये कुरूणां पुटभेदने ।
वसन्सागरपर्यन्तामन्वशाद्वै वसुंधराम् ॥१०॥

10. sa hāstinapure ramye kurūṇāṁ puṭabhedane ,
vasansāgaraparyantāmanvaśādvai vasuṁdharām.

10. saḥ ha hāstinapure ramye kurūṇām puṭabhedane
vasan sāgaraparyantām anvaśāt vai vasundharām

10. Indeed, he (Shantanu), residing in the beautiful city of Hastinapura, the capital of the Kurus, ruled over the entire earth, which extended to the oceans.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Shantanu (he)

• ह (ha) - indeed, verily

• हास्तिनपुरे (hāstinapure) - in Hastinapura

• रम्ये (ramye) - beautiful, charming

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• पुटभेदने (puṭabhedane) - in the capital, in the city

• वसन् (vasan) - dwelling, residing

• सागरपर्यन्ताम् (sāgaraparyantām) - ocean-bound, extending to the ocean

• अन्वशात् (anvaśāt) - ruled, governed, commanded

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

• वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - the earth, the bearer of wealth

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Shantanu (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject.

ह (ha) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

हास्तिनपुरे (hāstinapure) - in Hastinapura

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hāstinapura

hāstinapura - Hastinapura (name of a city)

Note: Location.

रम्ये (ramye) - beautiful, charming

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ramya

ramya - pleasant, charming, beautiful, delightful

Gerundive

From √ram (to delight) + nyat suffix

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'hāstinapure' and 'puṭabhedane'.

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient tribe/dynasty)

Root: kṛ

Note: Possessive, "of the Kurus".

पुटभेदने (puṭabhedane) - in the capital, in the city

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of puṭabhedana

puṭabhedana - city, capital (literally 'breaking of a fold/bag' but idiomatically city/fort)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puṭa+bhedana)

• puṭa – fold, pocket, capsule
  noun (masculine)
  Root: puṭ
• bhedana – breaking, cleaving, dividing, destroying
  noun (neuter)
  From √bhid (to break) + ana suffix
  Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `hāstinapure`.

वसन् (vasan) - dwelling, residing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, residing, living

Present Active Participle

From √vas (to dwell) + śatṛ suffix, masculine nominative singular.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

सागरपर्यन्ताम् (sāgaraparyantām) - ocean-bound, extending to the ocean

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sāgaraparyanta

sāgaraparyanta - ocean-bound, extending to the ocean

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sāgara+paryanta)

• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
  From 'sagara' (name of a king, or a mountain) + aṇ suffix.
• paryanta – end, boundary, limit, extending to
  noun (masculine)
  From pari + anta (end)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: ant

Note: Qualifies 'vasundharām'.

अन्वशात् (anvaśāt) - ruled, governed, commanded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of śās

Imperfect active

Imperfect of √śās (2P) with prefix anu, 3rd person singular. The 'a' is the augment for the imperfect tense.

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)

वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - the earth, the bearer of wealth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasundharā

vasundharā - earth (bearer of wealth)

From vasu (wealth) + dhara (bearing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vasu+dhara)

• vasu – wealth, riches, good
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 1)
• dhara – bearing, holding, supporting
  adjective (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold) + a suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anvaśāt'.