महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-59

न चाप्यहं वृथा भूयो दारान्कर्तुमिहोत्सहे ।
संतानस्याविनाशाय कामये भद्रमस्तु ते ।
अनपत्यतैकपुत्रत्वमित्याहुर्धर्मवादिनः ॥५९॥

59. na cāpyahaṁ vṛthā bhūyo dārānkartumihotsahe ,
saṁtānasyāvināśāya kāmaye bhadramastu te ,
anapatyataikaputratvamityāhurdharmavādinaḥ.

59. na ca api aham vṛthā bhūyaḥ dārān
kartum iha utsahe saṃtānasya avināśāya
kāmaye bhadram astu te anapatyatā
ekaputratvam iti āhuḥ dharmavādinaḥ

59. Nor do I intend to take wives again here in vain. For the sake of continuing the family line, I desire (this for you); may good fortune be with you! Those who uphold dharma say that having only one son is like having no offspring at all.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

• अहम् (aham) - I

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• दारान् (dārān) - wives

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to take (wives) (to make, to do, to perform, to take)

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter, now

• उत्सहे (utsahe) - I strive, I exert myself, I undertake

• संतानस्य (saṁtānasya) - of progeny, of offspring, of continuation

• अविनाशाय (avināśāya) - for the continuity (of the family line) (for the non-destruction, for the continuity, for the preservation)

• कामये (kāmaye) - I desire, I wish

• भद्रम् (bhadram) - good, fortune, welfare, auspiciousness

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• ते (te) - to you, for you, your

• अनपत्यता (anapatyatā) - childlessness, the state of having no offspring

• एकपुत्रत्वम् (ekaputratvam) - the state of having only one son, having one son

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (marks quotation)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they have said

• धर्मवादिनः (dharmavādinaḥ) - those who speak of dharma, moralists, righteous speakers

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

(indeclinable)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

दारान् (dārān) - wives

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to take (wives) (to make, to do, to perform, to take)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root 'kṛ' (कृ)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Infinitive functions as an indeclinable.

इह (iha) - here, in this matter, now

(indeclinable)

उत्सहे (utsahe) - I strive, I exert myself, I undertake

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ut-sah

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

संतानस्य (saṁtānasya) - of progeny, of offspring, of continuation

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saṃtāna

saṁtāna - progeny, offspring, continuation, lineage

Derived from the root 'tan' (तन्) 'to stretch, to extend' with the prefix 'sam' (सम्) 'together, completely'.

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

अविनाशाय (avināśāya) - for the continuity (of the family line) (for the non-destruction, for the continuity, for the preservation)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of avināśa

avināśa - non-destruction, imperishability, continuity, preservation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+vināśa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vināśa – destruction, ruin, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'naś' (नश्) 'to perish' with prefix 'vi' (वि) 'away'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

कामये (kāmaye) - I desire, I wish

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kam

Denominative verb from 'kāma' (काम) 'desire'.

Root: kam (class 10)

भद्रम् (bhadram) - good, fortune, welfare, auspiciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhadra

bhadra - good, auspicious, prosperous, welfare, fortune

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular neuter.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

ते (te) - to you, for you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Can also be genitive singular.

अनपत्यता (anapatyatā) - childlessness, the state of having no offspring

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anapatyatā

anapatyatā - childlessness, the state of having no offspring

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+apatya+tā)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• apatya – offspring, child
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from the root 'pat' (पत्) 'to fall' with prefix 'a' (अ).
  Prefix: a
  Root: pat (class 1)
• tā – suffix forming abstract nouns (state of being)
  suffix (feminine)

एकपुत्रत्वम् (ekaputratvam) - the state of having only one son, having one son

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ekaputratva

ekaputratva - state of having only one son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+putra+tva)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• tva – suffix forming abstract nouns (state of being)
  suffix (neuter)

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular neuter.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (marks quotation)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they have said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Irregular perfect 3rd person plural of the root 'vac' (वच्), often used with present meaning.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used with present meaning.

धर्मवादिनः (dharmavādinaḥ) - those who speak of dharma, moralists, righteous speakers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavādin

dharmavādin - one who speaks of dharma, moralist, advocate of righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vādin)

• dharma – dharma, righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'dhṛ' (धृ) 'to uphold, support'.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vādin – speaker, one who says, advocate
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from the root 'vad' (वद्) 'to speak' with the agent suffix 'in' (इन्).
  Root: vad (class 1)