महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-77

एवमुक्तस्तु गाङ्गेयस्तद्युक्तं प्रत्यभाषत ।
शृण्वतां भूमिपालानां पितुरर्थाय भारत ॥७७॥

77. evamuktastu gāṅgeyastadyuktaṁ pratyabhāṣata ,
śṛṇvatāṁ bhūmipālānāṁ piturarthāya bhārata.

77. evam uktaḥ tu gāṅgeyaḥ tat yuktam pratyabhāṣata
śṛṇvatām bhūmipālānām pituḥ arthāya bhārata

77. But thus addressed, Gangeya (Bhishma) replied appropriately for his father's sake, while the kings were listening, O Bharata.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken to) (spoken, said, addressed)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Gangeya (Bhishma) (Gangeya, Bhishma (son of Ganga))

• तत् (tat) - that (way), appropriately (that, therefore; appropriately)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - appropriately (appropriate, suitable, proper)

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied (he replied, he spoke back)

• शृण्वताम् (śṛṇvatām) - of those listening

• भूमिपालानाम् (bhūmipālānām) - of the kings (of the kings, of the rulers of the earth)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father (of the father)

• अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of (for the purpose of, for the sake of)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken to) (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, declared, addressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'Gāṅgeyaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Gangeya (Bhishma) (Gangeya, Bhishma (son of Ganga))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - Gangeya, son of Ganga (an epithet of Bhishma)

Patronymic from 'gaṅgā'.

Note: Subject of 'pratyabhāṣata'.

तत् (tat) - that (way), appropriately (that, therefore; appropriately)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it; therefore, thus

Note: Adverbial accusative, meaning 'that way' or 'thus'.

युक्तम् (yuktam) - appropriately (appropriate, suitable, proper)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with; appropriate, suitable, proper

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj (to join).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies the manner of replying.

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied (he replied, he spoke back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyabhāṣ

Imperfect Tense

Root verb 'bhāṣ' (1st conjugation, atmanepada) with upasarga 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

शृण्वताम् (śṛṇvatām) - of those listening

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śṛṇvat

śṛṇvat - listening, hearing (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śru (to hear), 5th conjugation, parasmaipada.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Adverbial use, similar to a genitive absolute.

भूमिपालानाम् (bhūmipālānām) - of the kings (of the kings, of the rulers of the earth)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhūmipāla

bhūmipāla - king, ruler, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+pāla)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'śṛṇvatām'.

पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Governs 'arthāya'.

अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of (for the purpose of, for the sake of)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, sake

Note: Expresses purpose.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata (epithet, often for Dhritarashtra or Arjuna)

Patronymic from 'bharata'.

Note: Address to an interlocutor.