महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-28, verse-82

तैश्चैव सहितः क्षिप्रमस्तं गच्छति भास्करे ।
प्रविष्टो हास्तिनपुरं बाष्पकण्ठोऽश्रुलोचनः ॥८२॥

82. taiścaiva sahitaḥ kṣipramastaṁ gacchati bhāskare ,
praviṣṭo hāstinapuraṁ bāṣpakaṇṭho'śrulocanaḥ.

82. taiḥ ca eva sahitaḥ kṣipram astam gacchati bhāskare
praviṣṭaḥ hāstinapuram bāṣpakaṇṭhaḥ aśrulocanaḥ

82. bhāskare kṣipram astam gacchati eva,
taiḥ ca sahitaḥ bāṣpakaṇṭhaḥ aśrulocanaḥ hāstinapuram praviṣṭaḥ

82. And indeed, as the sun was swiftly setting, he entered Hastinapura, accompanied (by his horses), with his throat choked by tears and his eyes full of them.

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - by or with them (the horses) (by them, with them)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - just, indeed (indeed, just, only)

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied (by the horses) (accompanied, joined, connected)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

• अस्तम् (astam) - setting (of the sun) (setting, disappearance, home)

• गच्छति (gacchati) - while going, as it sets (goes, is going)

• भास्करे (bhāskare) - when the sun (in the sun, on the sun)

• प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - he entered (entered, having entered)

• हास्तिनपुरम् (hāstinapuram) - Hastinapura (Hastinapura (name of a city))

• बाष्पकण्ठः (bāṣpakaṇṭhaḥ) - with his throat choked with tears (one whose throat is choked with tears)

• अश्रुलोचनः (aśrulocanaḥ) - with tearful eyes (one with tearful eyes)

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - by or with them (the horses) (by them, with them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine instrumental plural form of 'tad', referring to the horses mentioned in the previous verse.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - just, indeed (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied (by the horses) (accompanied, joined, connected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'sa' (with) and root 'hi' (to send, join), or 'dhā' (to place) with 'sa'. More commonly understood as 'sa-hita', from 'hi'.

Prefix: sa

Root: hi (class 5)

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Used here adverbially.

अस्तम् (astam) - setting (of the sun) (setting, disappearance, home)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asta

asta - setting, disappearance, home, western mountain

Note: Often used with 'gam' or 'gacchati' to mean 'to set' (of sun/moon).

गच्छति (gacchati) - while going, as it sets (goes, is going)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present tense, active voice

Root 'gam' (Class 1), 3rd person singular present active.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms part of the locative absolute construction with 'bhāskare'.

भास्करे (bhāskare) - when the sun (in the sun, on the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun, creator of light

Compound: 'bhāsa' (light) + 'kara' (maker).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (bhāsa+kara)

• bhāsa – light, splendor
  noun (masculine)
• kara – maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Forms part of the locative absolute construction with 'gacchati'.

प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - he entered (entered, having entered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, having entered, gone into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'viś' (to enter) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Though a past passive participle, it functions as an active verb 'he entered' when referring to the agent in the nominative.

हास्तिनपुरम् (hāstinapuram) - Hastinapura (Hastinapura (name of a city))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hāstinapura

hāstinapura - Hastinapura, capital city of the Kauravas

बाष्पकण्ठः (bāṣpakaṇṭhaḥ) - with his throat choked with tears (one whose throat is choked with tears)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāṣpakaṇṭha

bāṣpakaṇṭha - having a throat choked with tears

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāṣpa+kaṇṭha)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• kaṇṭha – throat, neck
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the subject (Uddhava).

अश्रुलोचनः (aśrulocanaḥ) - with tearful eyes (one with tearful eyes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśrulocana

aśrulocana - having tearful eyes

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aśru+locana)

• aśru – tear
  noun (neuter)
• locana – eye
  noun (neuter)
  Root: loc (class 10)

Note: Refers to the subject (Uddhava).