महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-28, verse-58

अश्वत्थामा तु तद्राजन्निशम्य वचनं मम ।
तं ह्रदं विपुलं प्रेक्ष्य करुणं पर्यदेवयत् ॥५८॥

58. aśvatthāmā tu tadrājanniśamya vacanaṁ mama ,
taṁ hradaṁ vipulaṁ prekṣya karuṇaṁ paryadevayat.

58. aśvatthāmā tu tat rājan niśamya vacanam mama
tam hradam vipulam prekṣya karuṇam paryadevayat

58. tu rājan,
aśvatthāmā tat mama vacanam niśamya,
vipulam tam hradam prekṣya,
karuṇam paryadevayat

58. O King, Aśvatthāmā, having heard my words and then seeing that vast lake, lamented sorrowfully.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the words) (that, it)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, perceiving

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the lake) (that, him)

• ह्रदम् (hradam) - lake, pool

• विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, wide, extensive

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously, mournfully

• पर्यदेवयत् (paryadevayat) - lamented, wailed

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Aśvatthāmā (son of Droṇa)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the words) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root `śam` with prefix `ni`, suffix `ya`.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - my, of me, mine

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the lake) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

ह्रदम् (hradam) - lake, pool

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hrada

hrada - lake, pool, deep water

विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, wide, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipula

vipula - vast, wide, extensive, great

Note: Modifies 'hradam'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root `īkṣ` with prefix `pra`, suffix `ya`.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously, mournfully

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter form used as an adverb.

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning 'piteously' or 'sorrowfully'.

पर्यदेवयत् (paryadevayat) - lamented, wailed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of paryadevayat

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root `dev` (to lament) with prefixes `pari` and `ā`, imperfect 3rd person singular.

Prefixes: pari+ā

Root: dev (class 1)