महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-28, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततः क्रुद्धा महाराज सौबलस्य पदानुगाः ।
त्यक्त्वा जीवितमाक्रन्दे पाण्डवान्पर्यवारयन् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tataḥ kruddhā mahārāja saubalasya padānugāḥ ,
tyaktvā jīvitamākrande pāṇḍavānparyavārayan.

1. Sañjaya uvāca tataḥ kruddhāḥ mahārāja saubalasya
padānugāḥ tyaktvā jīvitam ākrende pāṇḍavān paryavārayan

1. Sañjaya uvāca mahārāja tataḥ kruddhāḥ saubalasya
padānugāḥ jīvitam tyaktvā ākrende pāṇḍavān paryavārayan

1. Sañjaya said: O great king, then the enraged followers of Saubala (Śakuni), abandoning their lives, surrounded the Pāṇḍavas amidst the clamor of battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Sañjaya (a proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• सौबलस्य (saubalasya) - Of Śakuni, son of Subala (of Saubala, of Śakuni)

• पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - followers, attendants

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - their own lives (life)

• आक्रेन्दे (ākrende) - amidst the noise of battle (in the clamor, in the battle, in the outcry)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Sañjaya (a proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Sañjaya

Sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Vyāsa's disciple, charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

Root vac, perfect tense, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry) + kta suffix

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'padānugāḥ'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmajā (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सौबलस्य (saubalasya) - Of Śakuni, son of Subala (of Saubala, of Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala; Śakuni

patronymic from Subala

पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - followers, attendants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padānuga

padānuga - follower, attendant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pada+anuga)

• pada – foot, step, trace
  noun (neuter)
• anuga – following, going after
  adjective
  from anugacchati
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'paryavārayan'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Root tyaj (to abandon) + ktvā suffix

Root: tyaj (class 1)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - their own lives (life)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living

Past Passive Participle used as noun

Root jīv (to live) + kta suffix

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

आक्रेन्दे (ākrende) - amidst the noise of battle (in the clamor, in the battle, in the outcry)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ākranda

ākranda - outcry, wailing, battle cry, battle

Prefix: ā

Root: krand (class 1)

Note: Denotes location in time/space.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Object of 'paryavārayan'.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of pari-ava-vṛ

Imperfect active third person plural

Root vṛ (to cover, encompass) with upasargas pari and ava

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)