महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-28, verse-73

आ गोपालाविपालेभ्यो द्रवन्तो नगरं प्रति ।
ययुर्मनुष्याः संभ्रान्ता भीमसेनभयार्दिताः ॥७३॥

73. ā gopālāvipālebhyo dravanto nagaraṁ prati ,
yayurmanuṣyāḥ saṁbhrāntā bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ.

73. ā gopālāvipālebhyaḥ dravantaḥ nagaraṃ prati
yayuḥ manuṣyāḥ saṃbhrāntāḥ bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ

73. manuṣyāḥ saṃbhrāntāḥ bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ ā
gopālāvipālebhyaḥ nagaraṃ prati dravantaḥ yayuḥ

73. Men, bewildered and afflicted by fear of Bhīmasena, ran towards the city, from (even) cowherds and shepherds.

Words meanings summery:

• आ (ā) - from (up to, from, indeed, a little)

• गोपालाविपालेभ्यः (gopālāvipālebhyaḥ) - from (all, even) the cowherds and shepherds (from cowherds and shepherds)

• द्रवन्तः (dravantaḥ) - running (running, flowing)

• नगरं (nagaraṁ) - city (city, town)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, concerning)

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went

• मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - men (men, humans)

• संभ्रान्ताः (saṁbhrāntāḥ) - bewildered (bewildered, confused, agitated)

• भीमसेनभयार्दिताः (bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ) - afflicted by fear of Bhīmasena

Words meanings and morphology

आ (ā) - from (up to, from, indeed, a little)

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition used with ablative case.

गोपालाविपालेभ्यः (gopālāvipālebhyaḥ) - from (all, even) the cowherds and shepherds (from cowherds and shepherds)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of gopālāvipāla

gopālāvipāla - cowherds and shepherds

Dvanda compound of gopāla and avipāla.

Compound type : dvandva (gopāla+avipāla)

• gopāla – cowherd, protector of cows
  noun (masculine)
• avipāla – shepherd, protector of sheep
  noun (masculine)

द्रवन्तः (dravantaḥ) - running (running, flowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dravat

dravat - running, flowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dru' (to run) with the active participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'manuṣyāḥ'.

नगरं (nagaraṁ) - city (city, town)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Object of the action implied by 'prati' and 'dravantaḥ'.

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, concerning)

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the accusative case ('nagaraṃ').

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect Active

Third person plural perfect active indicative of root 'yā'.

Root: yā (class 2)

मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - men (men, humans)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being

Note: Subject of 'yayuḥ'.

संभ्रान्ताः (saṁbhrāntāḥ) - bewildered (bewildered, confused, agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃbhrānta

saṁbhrānta - bewildered, confused, agitated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhram' (to wander, to be agitated) with prefix 'sam-' and passive participle suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'manuṣyāḥ'.

भीमसेनभयार्दिताः (bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ) - afflicted by fear of Bhīmasena

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmasenabhayārdita

bhīmasenabhayārdita - afflicted by fear of Bhīmasena

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'bhīmasenabhaya' (fear of Bhīmasena) + 'ardita' (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīmasenabhaya+ardita)

• bhīmasenabhaya – fear of Bhīmasena
  noun (neuter)
  Tatpuruṣa compound: 'Bhīmasena' (proper noun) + 'bhaya' (fear).
• ardita – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ard' (to pain, hurt) with passive participle suffix 'kta'.
  Root: ard (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'manuṣyāḥ'.