महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-28, verse-78

दुर्योधनस्य सचिवा ये केचिदवशेषिताः ।
राजदारानुपादाय व्यधावन्नगरं प्रति ॥७८॥

78. duryodhanasya sacivā ye kecidavaśeṣitāḥ ,
rājadārānupādāya vyadhāvannagaraṁ prati.

78. duryodhanasya sacivāḥ ye kecit avaśeṣitāḥ
rājadārān upādāya vyadhāvan nagaram prati

78. duryodhanasya ye kecit sacivāḥ avaśeṣitāḥ
rājadārān upādāya nagaram prati vyadhāvan

78. Those ministers of Duryodhana who remained, taking the royal women with them, fled towards the city.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनस्य (duryodhanasya) - of Duryodhana

• सचिवाः (sacivāḥ) - ministers, companions

• ये (ye) - who (plural nominative)

• केचित् (kecit) - some, any, certain

• अवशेषिताः (avaśeṣitāḥ) - remained, were left behind

• राजदारान् (rājadārān) - royal wives, women of the king's household

• उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken, taking, seizing

• व्यधावन् (vyadhāvan) - they ran away, fled

• नगरम् (nagaram) - city

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनस्य (duryodhanasya) - of Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name)

सचिवाः (sacivāḥ) - ministers, companions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saciva

saciva - minister, companion, associate

Note: Subject of vyadhāvan

ये (ye) - who (plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which

Note: Relative pronoun, refers to sacivāḥ

केचित् (kecit) - some, any, certain

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain

Note: Indefinite pronoun

अवशेषिताः (avaśeṣitāḥ) - remained, were left behind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avaśeṣita

avaśeṣita - left, remained

Past Passive Participle

derived from causative śiṣ with ava prefix

Prefix: ava

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Agrees with sacivāḥ

राजदारान् (rājadārān) - royal wives, women of the king's household

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājadāra

rājadāra - king's wife, royal lady

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dāra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• dāra – wife (usually plural dārāḥ)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of upādāya (implied action of 'taking')

उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken, taking, seizing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from root dā with prefixes upa and ā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

व्यधावन् (vyadhāvan) - they ran away, fled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadhāv

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person plural of dhāv with vi prefix

Prefix: vi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Preceded by vi prefix

नगरम् (nagaram) - city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Object of prati (governed by prati)

प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

(indeclinable)