महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-28, verse-24

नर्दमानान्परांश्चैव स्वबलस्य च संक्षयम् ।
हतं स्वहयमुत्सृज्य प्राङ्मुखः प्राद्रवद्भयात् ॥२४॥

24. nardamānānparāṁścaiva svabalasya ca saṁkṣayam ,
hataṁ svahayamutsṛjya prāṅmukhaḥ prādravadbhayāt.

24. nardamānān parān ca eva svabalasya ca saṅkṣayam
hatam svahayam utsṛjya prāṅmukhaḥ prādravat bhayāt

24. (duryodhanaḥ) nardamānān parān ca eva,
svabalasya ca saṅkṣayam (ca dṛṣṭvā),
hatam svahayam utsṛjya,
prāṅmukhaḥ bhayāt prādravat

24. Seeing his enemies roaring and the destruction of his own army, he abandoned his slain horse and fled eastward out of fear.

Words meanings summery:

• नर्दमानान् (nardamānān) - The enemies making loud noises, likely shouts of triumph or battle cries. (roaring, shouting)

• परान् (parān) - The opposing forces, i.e., the Pāṇḍavas and their allies. (enemies, others)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, even

• स्वबलस्य (svabalasya) - Refers to Duryodhana's own military forces. (of one's own army)

• च (ca) - and

• सङ्क्षयम् (saṅkṣayam) - The diminishing or destruction of his army. (destruction, diminution, loss)

• हतम् (hatam) - His horse which had been killed in battle. (slain, killed, destroyed)

• स्वहयम् (svahayam) - Duryodhana's personal warhorse. (one's own horse)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - Having left his slain horse behind. (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

• प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - Duryodhana turned his face towards the east as he fled. (facing east, eastward)

• प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - Duryodhana's act of fleeing the battlefield. (fled, ran away)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - The motivation for Duryodhana's flight. (from fear, out of fear)

Words meanings and morphology

नर्दमानान् (nardamānān) - The enemies making loud noises, likely shouts of triumph or battle cries. (roaring, shouting)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nardamāna

nardamāna - roaring, shouting, bellowing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Present active participle from the root nard (class 1, ātmanepada).

Root: nard (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing the object of an implied verb of perception.

परान् (parān) - The opposing forces, i.e., the Pāṇḍavas and their allies. (enemies, others)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, distant, foreign; enemy, foe

Note: Object of an implied verb of perception (e.g., 'dṛṣṭvā' - having seen).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, even

(indeclinable)

स्वबलस्य (svabalasya) - Refers to Duryodhana's own military forces. (of one's own army)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of svabala

svabala - one's own strength, one's own army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bala)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective (neuter)
• bala – strength, power, army, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Governed by 'saṅkṣayam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सङ्क्षयम् (saṅkṣayam) - The diminishing or destruction of his army. (destruction, diminution, loss)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṅkṣaya

saṅkṣaya - destruction, annihilation, loss, decay, diminution

Prefix: sam

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Object of an implied verb of perception (e.g., 'dṛṣṭvā' - having seen).

हतम् (hatam) - His horse which had been killed in battle. (slain, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from the root han.

Root: han (class 2)

स्वहयम् (svahayam) - Duryodhana's personal warhorse. (one's own horse)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svahaya

svahaya - one's own horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+haya)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of 'utsṛjya'.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - Having left his slain horse behind. (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from the root sṛj with the prefix ut-.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - Duryodhana turned his face towards the east as he fled. (facing east, eastward)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east, having the face turned eastward, eastward-looking

Compound type : tatpuruṣa/bahuvrīhi (prāñc+mukha)

• prāñc – eastern, facing east
  adjective (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, opening, direction
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Duryodhana).

प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - Duryodhana's act of fleeing the battlefield. (fled, ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pradru

Imperfect tense (Laṅ)

Imperfect active, third person singular of the root dru with the prefix pra- and 'a' augment.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

भयात् (bhayāt) - The motivation for Duryodhana's flight. (from fear, out of fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror, apprehension

Note: Indicates the cause or reason.