महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-28, verse-81

ततः स रथमास्थाय द्रुतमश्वानचोदयत् ।
असंभावितवांश्चापि राजदारान्पुरं प्रति ॥८१॥

81. tataḥ sa rathamāsthāya drutamaśvānacodayat ,
asaṁbhāvitavāṁścāpi rājadārānpuraṁ prati.

81. tataḥ sa ratham āsthāya drutam aśvān acodayat
asaṃbhāvitavān ca api rājādārān puram prati

81. sa ratham āsthāya drutam aśvān acodayat ca
api rājādārān puram prati asaṃbhāvitavān

81. Then, having mounted the chariot, he quickly urged the horses. He also passed by the royal ladies without acknowledging them, heading towards the city.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thereafter, from that)

• स (sa) - he (Uddhava) (he, that)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot (chariot, car)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having stood upon, having mounted, having resorted to)

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, hastened)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged (the horses) (he urged, he impelled)

• असंभावितवान् (asaṁbhāvitavān) - he passed without acknowledging (the royal ladies) (he did not honor, he disregarded, he did not consider)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• अपि (api) - even, also (also, even, moreover)

• राजादारान् (rājādārān) - royal ladies (wives of the king/princes) (royal wives, wives of kings)

• पुरम् (puram) - the city (city, town)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative adverb derived from 'tad' (that).

स (sa) - he (Uddhava) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot (chariot, car)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Root: ramh (class 1)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having stood upon, having mounted, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, hastened)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dru' (to run) as a past passive participle.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Used here adverbially.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged (the horses) (he urged, he impelled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Imperfect tense, causative form

Root 'cud' (Class 10 - 'codayati'), in imperfect tense, 3rd person singular active.

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Causative verb form from root 'cud'.

असंभावितवान् (asaṁbhāvitavān) - he passed without acknowledging (the royal ladies) (he did not honor, he disregarded, he did not consider)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asaṃbhāvitavat

asaṁbhāvitavat - not honored, disregarded, not considered

Past Active Participle (kṛt)

Derived from root 'bhū' with 'sam' and 'ā' prefixes, in causative form 'bhāvita', then negated 'a-saṃbhāvitavat'. The suffix '-vat' indicates a past active participle.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃbhāvitavat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• saṃbhāvitavat – honored, regarded, considered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Active Participle
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā', in causative form 'bhāvita' + '-vat' suffix.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: This past active participle functions as the main verb here.

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

राजादारान् (rājādārān) - royal ladies (wives of the king/princes) (royal wives, wives of kings)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of rājādāra

rājādāra - royal wife, wife of a king

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+dāra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• dāra – wife (often used in plural for singular meaning)
  noun (masculine)

Note: The accusative plural form of rājādāra, referring to the wives of the king.

पुरम् (puram) - the city (city, town)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against)

(indeclinable)