महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-28, verse-59

अहो धिङ्न स जानाति जीवतोऽस्मान्नराधिपः ।
पर्याप्ता हि वयं तेन सह योधयितुं परान् ॥५९॥

59. aho dhiṅna sa jānāti jīvato'smānnarādhipaḥ ,
paryāptā hi vayaṁ tena saha yodhayituṁ parān.

59. aho dhik na sa jānāti jīvataḥ asmān narādhipaḥ
paryāptā hi vayam tena saha yodhayitum parān

59. aho dhik! saḥ narādhipaḥ asmān jīvataḥ na jānāti
hi vayam tena saha parān yodhayitum paryāptāḥ

59. Alas, what a shame! That king does not know that we are still alive. Indeed, we are quite capable of fighting the enemies alongside him.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Alas, Oh!

• धिक् (dhik) - Shame! Fie! Woe!

• न (na) - not

• स (sa) - that (king) (he, that)

• जानाति (jānāti) - knows, understands

• जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - living, alive

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - King Duryodhana (king, ruler of men)

• पर्याप्ता (paryāptā) - capable, sufficient, able

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• तेन (tena) - with King Duryodhana (by him, with him)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• योधयितुम् (yodhayitum) - to fight

• परान् (parān) - enemies, others

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Alas, Oh!

(indeclinable)

धिक् (dhik) - Shame! Fie! Woe!

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

जानाति (jānāti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Root `jñā`, present 3rd person singular.

Root: jñā (class 9)

जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - living, alive

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `jīv` with `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'asmān'.

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - us, ourselves

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - King Duryodhana (king, ruler of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king

Compound of `nara` (man) and `adhipa` (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)

पर्याप्ता (paryāptā) - capable, sufficient, able

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paryāpta

paryāpta - sufficient, capable, complete, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Root `āp` with prefix `pari`, suffix `ta`.

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Although the standard masculine nominative plural is `paryāptāḥ`, the form `paryāptā` is used here, possibly as a metrical or poetic variant.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphasizing particle.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, ourselves

तेन (tena) - with King Duryodhana (by him, with him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Takes instrumental case.

योधयितुम् (yodhayitum) - to fight

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Root `yudh`, causative stem `yodhaya`, infinitive suffix `tum`.

Root: yudh (class 4)

परान् (parān) - enemies, others

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, enemy, distant