महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-93, verse-8

स तथैव क्षुधाविष्टः स्पृष्ट्वा तोयं यथाविधि ।
क्षपयामास तं कालं कृच्छ्रप्राणो द्विजोत्तमः ॥८॥

8. sa tathaiva kṣudhāviṣṭaḥ spṛṣṭvā toyaṁ yathāvidhi ,
kṣapayāmāsa taṁ kālaṁ kṛcchraprāṇo dvijottamaḥ.

8. saḥ tathā eva kṣudhāviṣṭaḥ spṛṣṭvā toyam yathāvidhi
kṣapayāmāsa tam kālam kṛcchraprāṇaḥ dvijottamaḥ

8. saḥ kṛcchraprāṇaḥ dvijottamaḥ tathā eva kṣudhāviṣṭaḥ
yathāvidhi toyam spṛṣṭvā tam kālam kṣapayāmāsa

8. That excellent brahmin (dvija), whose life (prāṇa) was in great difficulty, likewise afflicted by hunger, having ritually touched water according to the prescribed method, passed that time.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that brahmin (he, that)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that condition (thus, so, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, only, just)

• क्षुधाविष्टः (kṣudhāviṣṭaḥ) - afflicted by intense hunger (afflicted by hunger)

• स्पृष्ट्वा (spṛṣṭvā) - having ritually touched (having touched, having come into contact with)

• तोयम् (toyam) - water for ritual purification (water)

• यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to the prescribed religious rules (according to rule, duly, properly)

• क्षपयामास (kṣapayāmāsa) - he passed (that time) (he caused to spend, he spent, he passed)

• तम् (tam) - that particular (that)

• कालम् (kālam) - that difficult period of time (time, period)

• कृच्छ्रप्राणः (kṛcchraprāṇaḥ) - whose life was in great distress due to starvation (whose life is difficult, one whose breath is suffering)

• द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the most excellent of the brahmins (best of brahmins, excellent brahmin, best of the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that brahmin (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that condition (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

क्षुधाविष्टः (kṣudhāviṣṭaḥ) - afflicted by intense hunger (afflicted by hunger)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhāviṣṭa

kṣudhāviṣṭa - afflicted by hunger, seized by hunger

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudhā+āviṣṭa)

• kṣudhā – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
• āviṣṭa – entered, possessed, seized, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √viś (to enter) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: viś (class 6)

स्पृष्ट्वा (spṛṣṭvā) - having ritually touched (having touched, having come into contact with)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive form from root √spṛś (to touch).

Root: spṛś (class 6)

तोयम् (toyam) - water for ritual purification (water)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of toya

toya - water

यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to the prescribed religious rules (according to rule, duly, properly)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vidhi)

• yathā – as, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• vidhi – rule, ordinance, prescribed method
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhā (to place) with vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

क्षपयामास (kṣapayāmāsa) - he passed (that time) (he caused to spend, he spent, he passed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṣapayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect

From the causative stem of √kṣi (to rule, destroy, cause to dwell, spend) + āmāsa (perfect of √as).

Root: kṣi (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that particular (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कालम् (kālam) - that difficult period of time (time, period)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

कृच्छ्रप्राणः (kṛcchraprāṇaḥ) - whose life was in great distress due to starvation (whose life is difficult, one whose breath is suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛcchraprāṇa

kṛcchraprāṇa - one whose life is difficult, one whose breath is in distress

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛcchra+prāṇa)

• kṛcchra – difficulty, pain, distress
  noun (neuter)
• prāṇa – breath, life-force, vital air, life (prāṇa)
  noun (masculine)
  From root √an (to breathe) with pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)

द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the most excellent of the brahmins (best of brahmins, excellent brahmin, best of the twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of brahmins, excellent brahmin, best of the twice-born

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)