महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-93, verse-7

उञ्छंस्तदा शुक्लपक्षे मध्यं तपति भास्करे ।
उष्णार्तश्च क्षुधार्तश्च स विप्रस्तपसि स्थितः ।
उञ्छमप्राप्तवानेव सार्धं परिजनेन ह ॥७॥

7. uñchaṁstadā śuklapakṣe madhyaṁ tapati bhāskare ,
uṣṇārtaśca kṣudhārtaśca sa viprastapasi sthitaḥ ,
uñchamaprāptavāneva sārdhaṁ parijanena ha.

7. uñchan tadā śuklapakṣe madhyam tapati
bhāskare | uṣṇārtaḥ ca kṣudhārtaḥ
ca saḥ vipraḥ tapasi sthitaḥ | uñcham
aprāptavān eva sārdham parijanena ha

7. tadā śuklapakṣe madhyam bhāskare
tapati saḥ uṣṇārtaḥ ca kṣudhārtaḥ
ca vipraḥ tapasi sthitaḥ ha
parijanena sārdham uñcham eva aprāptavān

7. Then, during the bright fortnight, as the sun shone intensely at midday, that brahmin, afflicted by heat and hunger, persisted in his austerity (tapas). He did not obtain even gleanings, along with his family.

Words meanings summery:

• उञ्छन् (uñchan) - while gleaning (grains) (gleaning, gathering grains)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• शुक्लपक्षे (śuklapakṣe) - in the bright fortnight, during the waxing moon period

• मध्यम् (madhyam) - midday (middle, center)

• तपति (tapati) - shines intensely, burns (shines, heats, burns, performs austerity)

• भास्करे (bhāskare) - when the sun (was shining) (in the sun, when the sun)

• उष्णार्तः (uṣṇārtaḥ) - afflicted by heat, suffering from heat

• च (ca) - and, also

• क्षुधार्तः (kṣudhārtaḥ) - afflicted by hunger, suffering from hunger

• च (ca) - and, also

• सः (saḥ) - the brahmin (he, that)

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the brahmin (mentioned in the narrative) (brahmin, sage)

• तपसि (tapasi) - in his spiritual practice (tapas) (in austerity (tapas), in penance)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - persisted, remained (in his austerity) (stood, remained, was situated)

• उञ्छम् (uñcham) - gleaning, gathered grains

• अप्राप्तवान् (aprāptavān) - did not obtain, failed to get

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

• परिजनेन (parijanena) - with his family (with his family, with his attendants)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

Words meanings and morphology

उञ्छन् (uñchan) - while gleaning (grains) (gleaning, gathering grains)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uñch

uñch - to glean, to collect grains left in the field

Present Active Participle

6th class verb (uñchati)

Root: uñch (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adjective here, describing the brahmin's activity.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

शुक्लपक्षे (śuklapakṣe) - in the bright fortnight, during the waxing moon period

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śuklapakṣa

śuklapakṣa - bright fortnight, waxing moon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śukla+pakṣa)

• śukla – bright, white, pure
  adjective
• pakṣa – fortnight, side, party
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pakṣ

Note: Indicates time.

मध्यम् (madhyam) - midday (middle, center)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central

Note: Object of 'tapati' (the sun burns the midday/middle).

तपति (tapati) - shines intensely, burns (shines, heats, burns, performs austerity)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tap

Present tense

1st class verb, active voice

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'bhāskare' in locative absolute.

भास्करे (bhāskare) - when the sun (was shining) (in the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun

Root: bhās

Note: Forms a locative absolute with 'tapati'.

उष्णार्तः (uṣṇārtaḥ) - afflicted by heat, suffering from heat

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uṣṇārta

uṣṇārta - afflicted by heat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uṣṇa+ārta)

• uṣṇa – hot, heat
  adjective
  Root: uṣ
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from ṛ
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'vipraḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

क्षुधार्तः (kṣudhārtaḥ) - afflicted by hunger, suffering from hunger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhārta

kṣudhārta - afflicted by hunger

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudhā+ārta)

• kṣudhā – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṣudh (class 4)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from ṛ
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'vipraḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - the brahmin (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the brahmin (mentioned in the narrative) (brahmin, sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, sage, inspired one

तपसि (tapasi) - in his spiritual practice (tapas) (in austerity (tapas), in penance)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual practice

from tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates the state or activity.

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - persisted, remained (in his austerity) (stood, remained, was situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, remained, situated, existing

Past Passive Participle

from sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vipraḥ'.

उञ्छम् (uñcham) - gleaning, gathered grains

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uñcha

uñcha - gleaning, collection of grains

from uñch

Root: uñch (class 6)

Note: Object of 'aprāptavān'.

अप्राप्तवान् (aprāptavān) - did not obtain, failed to get

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprāptavat

aprāptavat - one who has not obtained

Past Active Participle

from prāp with prefix a- (negation) and suffix -vat

Prefix: a

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ vipraḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

(indeclinable)

परिजनेन (parijanena) - with his family (with his family, with his attendants)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parijana

parijana - family, attendants, retinue

Prefix: pari

Root: jan

Note: Used with 'sārdham'.

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)