महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-93, verse-11

अथागच्छद्द्विजः कश्चिदतिथिर्भुञ्जतां तदा ।
ते तं दृष्ट्वातिथिं तत्र प्रहृष्टमनसोऽभवन् ॥११॥

11. athāgacchaddvijaḥ kaścidatithirbhuñjatāṁ tadā ,
te taṁ dṛṣṭvātithiṁ tatra prahṛṣṭamanaso'bhavan.

11. atha āgacchat dvijaḥ kaścit atithiḥ bhuñjatām tadā
te tam dṛṣṭvā atithim tatra prahr̥ṣṭamanasaḥ abhavan

11. atha tadā bhuñjatām kaścit dvijaḥ atithiḥ āgacchat
te tatra tam atithim dṛṣṭvā prahr̥ṣṭamanasaḥ abhavan

11. Then, as they were eating, a certain brahmin (dvija) arrived as a guest. Seeing that guest there, they all became greatly joyful.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - immediately afterwards (then, now, thereupon)

• आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - a guest arrived (he came, he arrived)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a brahmin (dvija) (brahmin, twice-born)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - an unknown or unspecified guest (someone, a certain (one))

• अतिथिः (atithiḥ) - an uninvited guest (guest, stranger)

• भुञ्जताम् (bhuñjatām) - while the ascetics were partaking of their meal (of those who were eating, while they were eating)

• तदा (tadā) - at that specific moment (then, at that time)

• ते (te) - those ascetics (they)

• तम् (tam) - that guest (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

• अतिथिम् (atithim) - the newly arrived guest (guest, stranger)

• तत्र (tatra) - at that location (where they were eating) (there, in that place)

• प्रह्र्̥ष्टमनसः (prahr̥ṣṭamanasaḥ) - their hearts filled with joy (joyful in mind, delighted, greatly pleased)

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became joyful (they became, they were)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - immediately afterwards (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - a guest arrived (he came, he arrived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āgacchat

Imperfect

From root √gam (to go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a brahmin (dvija) (brahmin, twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth

कश्चित् (kaścit) - an unknown or unspecified guest (someone, a certain (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, a certain (one)

Compound of interrogative base ka and indefinite particle cit.

अतिथिः (atithiḥ) - an uninvited guest (guest, stranger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, visitor

भुञ्जताम् (bhuñjatām) - while the ascetics were partaking of their meal (of those who were eating, while they were eating)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhuñjat

bhuñjat - eating, enjoying, partaking

Present Active Participle

From root √bhuj (to eat, enjoy).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Used in a genitive absolute construction.

तदा (tadā) - at that specific moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronominal base tad + dā suffix.

ते (te) - those ascetics (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तम् (tam) - that guest (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive form from root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अतिथिम् (atithim) - the newly arrived guest (guest, stranger)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, visitor

तत्र (tatra) - at that location (where they were eating) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronominal base tad + tral suffix.

प्रह्र्̥ष्टमनसः (prahr̥ṣṭamanasaḥ) - their hearts filled with joy (joyful in mind, delighted, greatly pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahr̥ṣṭamanas

prahr̥ṣṭamanas - joyful in mind, delighted, greatly pleased

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prahr̥ṣṭa+manas)

• prahr̥ṣṭa – greatly delighted, joyful, pleased
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √hr̥ṣ (to be excited, rejoice) with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hr̥ṣ (class 4)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became joyful (they became, they were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhavan

Imperfect

From root √bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)