महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-93, verse-53

श्वशुर उवाच ।
अनेन नित्यं साध्वी त्वं शीलवृत्तेन शोभसे ।
या त्वं धर्मव्रतोपेता गुरुवृत्तिमवेक्षसे ॥५३॥

53. śvaśura uvāca ,
anena nityaṁ sādhvī tvaṁ śīlavṛttena śobhase ,
yā tvaṁ dharmavratopetā guruvṛttimavekṣase.

53. śvaśura uvāca anena nityaṃ sādhvī tvam śīlavṛttena
śobhase yā tvam dharmavratopetā guruvṛttim avekṣase

53. śvaśura uvāca tvam sādhvī anena nityaṃ śīlavṛttena
śobhase yā tvam dharmavratopetā guruvṛttim avekṣase

53. The father-in-law said: 'By this, you, virtuous woman, always shine through your excellent character, as you are devoted to the vow of natural law (dharma) and observe your duty towards elders (vṛtti).'

Words meanings summery:

• श्वशुर (śvaśura) - father-in-law

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• अनेन (anena) - by this (action/statement) (by this, with this (masculine/neuter instrumental))

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• साध्वी (sādhvī) - virtuous woman (virtuous woman, chaste woman, good woman)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (the daughter-in-law) (you (singular nominative))

• शीलवृत्तेन (śīlavṛttena) - through your excellent moral character (by good conduct, by moral character)

• शोभसे (śobhase) - you shine, you are adorned (you shine, you are beautiful, you are adorned)

• या (yā) - you who (introducing a clause describing tvam) (who, which (feminine nominative singular))

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (the daughter-in-law) (you (singular nominative))

• धर्मव्रतोपेता (dharmavratopetā) - devoted to the vow of natural law (dharma) (endowed with the vow of dharma)

• गुरुवृत्तिम् (guruvṛttim) - duty towards elders (conduct towards elders/teachers, duty towards elders (accusative))

• अवेक्षसे (avekṣase) - you observe, you diligently attend to (you observe, you look at, you regard)

Words meanings and morphology

श्वशुर (śvaśura) - father-in-law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvaśura

śvaśura - father-in-law

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

अनेन (anena) - by this (action/statement) (by this, with this (masculine/neuter instrumental))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine/neuter instrumental singular.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of the adjective, used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial usage.

साध्वी (sādhvī) - virtuous woman (virtuous woman, chaste woman, good woman)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sādhvī

sādhvī - virtuous, chaste, excellent (feminine)

Feminine form of sādhu.

Note: Used as an adjective describing tvam.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the daughter-in-law) (you (singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

शीलवृत्तेन (śīlavṛttena) - through your excellent moral character (by good conduct, by moral character)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śīlavṛtta

śīlavṛtta - good conduct, moral behavior, virtuous character

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śīla+vṛtta)

• śīla – character, habit, nature, morality
  noun (neuter)
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, course, action
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (secondary usage as noun)
  From √vṛt (to be, exist, turn) + kta suffix
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

शोभसे (śobhase) - you shine, you are adorned (you shine, you are beautiful, you are adorned)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śubh

Present middle

Second person singular, present tense, middle voice.

Root: śubh (class 1)

या (yā) - you who (introducing a clause describing tvam) (who, which (feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun, feminine nominative singular.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the daughter-in-law) (you (singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

धर्मव्रतोपेता (dharmavratopetā) - devoted to the vow of natural law (dharma) (endowed with the vow of dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharmavratopeta

dharmavratopeta - endowed with the vow of dharma (righteousness, natural law)

Feminine nominative singular. Compound of dharma-vrata (vow of dharma) and upeta (endowed with).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa / bahuvrīhi (adjectival) (dharma+vrata+upeta)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
• upeta – endowed with, possessed of, having reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From upa-√i (to go to, approach) + kta suffix.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Describes tvam.

गुरुवृत्तिम् (guruvṛttim) - duty towards elders (conduct towards elders/teachers, duty towards elders (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guruvṛtti

guruvṛtti - conduct towards a guru (teacher/elder), duty towards elders/superiors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+vṛtti)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, elder, weighty
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtti – conduct, course of action, behavior, means of livelihood
  noun (feminine)
  From √vṛt (to be, exist) + ktin suffix
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of avekṣase.

अवेक्षसे (avekṣase) - you observe, you diligently attend to (you observe, you look at, you regard)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of īkṣ

Present middle

Second person singular, present tense, middle voice.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)