महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-93, verse-74

गोप्रदानसहस्राणि द्विजेभ्योऽदान्नृगो नृपः ।
एकां दत्त्वा स पारक्यां नरकं समवाप्तवान् ॥७४॥

74. gopradānasahasrāṇi dvijebhyo'dānnṛgo nṛpaḥ ,
ekāṁ dattvā sa pārakyāṁ narakaṁ samavāptavān.

74. gopradānasahasrāṇi dvijebhyaḥ adāt nṛgaḥ nṛpaḥ
ekām dattvā sa pārakyām narakam samavāptavān

74. nṛpaḥ Nṛgaḥ dvijebhyaḥ gopradānasahasrāṇi adāt
saḥ pārakyām ekām dattvā narakam samavāptavān

74. King Nṛga gave thousands of cows as gifts to brahmins. However, by giving away a single cow that belonged to another, he obtained hell.

Words meanings summery:

• गोप्रदानसहस्राणि (gopradānasahasrāṇi) - thousands of cow-gifts

• द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to brahmins (to brahmins, to the twice-born)

• अदात् (adāt) - gave

• नृगः (nṛgaḥ) - Nṛga (a king's name)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

• एकाम् (ekām) - one (cow) (one, a single)

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• स (sa) - he (King Nṛga) (he, that)

• पारक्याम् (pārakyām) - belonging to another (cow) (belonging to another, foreign)

• नरकम् (narakam) - hell, infernal region

• समवाप्तवान् (samavāptavān) - obtained, attained, reached

Words meanings and morphology

गोप्रदानसहस्राणि (gopradānasahasrāṇi) - thousands of cow-gifts

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of gopradānasahasra

gopradānasahasra - thousands of cow-gifts

Tatpurusha compound: go (cow) + pradāna (gift) + sahasra (thousand).

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+pradāna+sahasra)

• go – cow, ox
  noun (feminine)
• pradāna – gift, giving, offering
  noun (neuter)
  From root DĀ (to give) with prefix PRA.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the verb "adāt".

द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to brahmins (to brahmins, to the twice-born)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth

Bahuvrīhi compound: dvi (two) + ja (born).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root JAN (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Recipient of the gift.

अदात् (adāt) - gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of dā

Aorist

3rd person singular aorist, Parasmaipada, from root DĀ (class 3).

Root: dā (class 3)

नृगः (nṛgaḥ) - Nṛga (a king's name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Nṛga

Nṛga - name of a king

Note: Subject of "adāt".

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root PĀ (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Apposition to "Nṛgaḥ".

एकाम् (ekām) - one (cow) (one, a single)

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies an implied "gām" (cow).

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root DĀ (class 3) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Forms a compound predicate with "samavāptavān".

स (sa) - he (King Nṛga) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Nṛga.

पारक्याम् (pārakyām) - belonging to another (cow) (belonging to another, foreign)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pārakya

pārakya - belonging to another, alien, foreign

From para (another) + -kya suffix.

Note: Qualifies an implied "gām" (cow).

नरकम् (narakam) - hell, infernal region

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, infernal region, underworld

Note: Object of "samavāptavān".

समवाप्तवान् (samavāptavān) - obtained, attained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samavāptavat

samavāptavat - obtained, attained, reached

Past Active Participle (kṛt)

From root ĀP (class 5) with prefixes SAM and AVA, with -vat suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies "sa".