महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-93, verse-20

जानन्वृद्धां क्षुधार्तां च श्रान्तां ग्लानां तपस्विनीम् ।
त्वगस्थिभूतां वेपन्तीं ततो भार्यामुवाच ताम् ॥२०॥

20. jānanvṛddhāṁ kṣudhārtāṁ ca śrāntāṁ glānāṁ tapasvinīm ,
tvagasthibhūtāṁ vepantīṁ tato bhāryāmuvāca tām.

20. jānan vṛddhām kṣudhārtām ca śrāntām glānām tapasvinīm
tvag-asthi-bhūtām vepantīm tataḥ bhāryām uvāca tām

20. jānan vṛddhām kṣudhārtām ca śrāntām glānām tapasvinīm
tvag-asthi-bhūtām vepantīm tām bhāryām tataḥ uvāca

20. Knowing her to be old, afflicted by hunger, exhausted, weak, and miserable (tapasvinī), her body reduced to skin and bones (tvag-asthi-bhūtām) and trembling, he then spoke to that wife.

Words meanings summery:

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing, perceiving

• वृद्धाम् (vṛddhām) - old, aged

• क्षुधार्ताम् (kṣudhārtām) - afflicted by hunger, hungry

• च (ca) - and, also

• श्रान्ताम् (śrāntām) - tired, exhausted

• ग्लानाम् (glānām) - weary, sick, faded

• तपस्विनीम् (tapasvinīm) - miserable, pitiful woman, indicating her distressed state rather than ascetic practice. (ascetic woman; miserable, pitiful woman)

• त्वग्-अस्थि-भूताम् (tvag-asthi-bhūtām) - become skin and bone, emaciated

• वेपन्तीम् (vepantīm) - trembling, shaking

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)

Words meanings and morphology

जानन् (jānan) - knowing, perceiving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, perceiving, understanding

Present Active Participle

From root jñā, present active participle in masculine nominative singular.

Root: jñā (class 9)

वृद्धाम् (vṛddhām) - old, aged

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh, past passive participle.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

क्षुधार्ताम् (kṣudhārtām) - afflicted by hunger, hungry

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣudhārta

kṣudhārta - afflicted by hunger, hungry, starved

Compound of kṣudhā (hunger) and ārta (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudhā+ārta)

• kṣudhā – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, to move), with prefix ā, signifying 'afflicted'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

श्रान्ताम् (śrāntām) - tired, exhausted

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrānta

śrānta - tired, exhausted, wearied

Past Passive Participle

From root śram (to be weary, tired), past passive participle.

Root: śram (class 4)

ग्लानाम् (glānām) - weary, sick, faded

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of glāna

glāna - weary, sick, faded, withered

Past Passive Participle

From root glai (to be weary, fade), past passive participle.

Root: glai (class 1)

तपस्विनीम् (tapasvinīm) - miserable, pitiful woman, indicating her distressed state rather than ascetic practice. (ascetic woman; miserable, pitiful woman)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tapasvinī

tapasvinī - ascetic woman, female anchorite; (figuratively) pitiful, miserable woman

Feminine form of tapasvin (one who practices tapas, an ascetic).

त्वग्-अस्थि-भूताम् (tvag-asthi-bhūtām) - become skin and bone, emaciated

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tvag-asthi-bhūta

tvag-asthi-bhūta - become skin and bone, reduced to skin and bones, emaciated

Compound: tvak (skin) + asthi (bone) + bhūta (become).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tvak+asthi+bhūta)

• tvak – skin, hide
  noun (feminine)
• asthi – bone
  noun (neuter)
• bhūta – become, been, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

वेपन्तीम् (vepantīm) - trembling, shaking

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vepantī

vepantī - trembling, shaking, quivering

Present Active Participle

From root vep (to tremble), present active participle, feminine.

Root: vep (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse

Gerundive

Literally 'one to be supported or maintained', from root bhṛ (to bear, support).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, her, it