महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-93, verse-17

स उञ्छवृत्तिः तं प्रेक्ष्य क्षुधापरिगतं द्विजम् ।
आहारं चिन्तयामास कथं तुष्टो भवेदिति ॥१७॥

17. sa uñchavṛttiḥ taṁ prekṣya kṣudhāparigataṁ dvijam ,
āhāraṁ cintayāmāsa kathaṁ tuṣṭo bhavediti.

17. saḥ uñchavṛttiḥ tam prekṣya kṣudhāparigatam dvijam
āhāram cintayāmāsa katham tuṣṭaḥ bhavet iti

17. saḥ uñchavṛttiḥ kṣudhāparigatam tam dvijam prekṣya
āhāram cintayāmāsa katham tuṣṭaḥ bhavet iti

17. That gleaner, seeing the brahmin (dvija) overcome by hunger, then pondered about food, thinking, 'How might he become satisfied?'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the gleaner) (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

• उञ्छवृत्तिः (uñchavṛttiḥ) - one whose livelihood is gleaning (living by gleaning (collecting scattered grain))

• तम् (tam) - him (the brahmin) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen (the brahmin) (having seen, having perceived)

• क्षुधापरिगतम् (kṣudhāparigatam) - (the brahmin) who was overcome by hunger (overcome by hunger, afflicted by hunger)

• द्विजम् (dvijam) - the brahmin (twice-born, a brahmin, a bird, a tooth)

• आहारम् (āhāram) - food (food, diet, sustenance)

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - pondered (how to provide food) (thought, pondered, considered)

• कथम् (katham) - how (might he become satisfied) (how, in what manner, why)

• तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - satisfied (satisfied, contented, pleased)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - might become (may be, should be, might become)

• इति (iti) - thus (concluding the thought) (thus, in this manner, so)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the gleaner) (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the gleaner.

उञ्छवृत्तिः (uñchavṛttiḥ) - one whose livelihood is gleaning (living by gleaning (collecting scattered grain))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uñchavṛtti

uñchavṛtti - gleaning; living by gleaning

From 'uñcha' (gleaning) + 'vṛtti' (livelihood)

Compound type : tatpurusha (uñcha+vṛtti)

• uñcha – gleaning, picking up scattered grain
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtti – livelihood, mode of life, conduct, activity
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

तम् (tam) - him (the brahmin) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen (the brahmin) (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix 'pra' + root 'īkṣ' (to see) + suffix 'lyaP'

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

क्षुधापरिगतम् (kṣudhāparigatam) - (the brahmin) who was overcome by hunger (overcome by hunger, afflicted by hunger)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣudhāparigata

kṣudhāparigata - overcome with hunger, distressed by hunger

Compound of 'kṣudhā' (hunger) and 'parigata' (overcome)

Compound type : instrumental tatpurusha (kṣudhā+parigata)

• kṣudhā – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
• parigata – overcome, surrounded, gone completely, fallen into
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prefix 'pari' + root 'gam' (to go)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'dvijam'.

द्विजम् (dvijam) - the brahmin (twice-born, a brahmin, a bird, a tooth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (referring to Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas); a brahmin; a bird; a tooth

Formed from 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

आहारम् (āhāram) - food (food, diet, sustenance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āhāra

āhāra - food, diet, sustenance, taking, seizing

From prefix 'ā' + root 'hṛ' (to take)

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cintayāmāsa'.

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - pondered (how to provide food) (thought, pondered, considered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of cint

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

Periphrastic Perfect formed with 'ām' and root 'as' (to be) from the causative 'cintay'.

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Verb for the gleaner.

कथम् (katham) - how (might he become satisfied) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces an indirect question.

तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - satisfied (satisfied, contented, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tuṣṭa

tuṣṭa - satisfied, contented, pleased, gratified

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tuṣ' (to be pleased)

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for the brahmin.

भवेत् (bhavet) - might become (may be, should be, might become)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of bhū

Optative

3rd person singular active optative of 'bhū'

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (concluding the thought) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)