महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-94, verse-13

वधः पशुवराहाणां तथैव मृगपक्षिणाम् ।
शंतनौ पृथिवीपाले नावर्तत वृथा नृप ॥१३॥

13. vadhaḥ paśuvarāhāṇāṁ tathaiva mṛgapakṣiṇām ,
śaṁtanau pṛthivīpāle nāvartata vṛthā nṛpa.

13. vadhaḥ paśuvarāhāṇām tathā eva mṛgapakṣiṇām
śaṃtanau pṛthivīpāle na āvartata vṛthā nṛpa

13. O King, when Śaṃtanu was the protector of the earth, no wanton killing of animals, boars, deer, or birds occurred.

13. הו מלך, בימי שַׁנְטַנוּ שליט הארץ לא נעשה הרג לשווא של בהמות וחזירי בר, וכן של צבאים וציפורים.

Words meanings summery:

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, slaughter, destruction

• पशुवराहाणाम् (paśuvarāhāṇām) - of animals and boars

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

• एव (eva) - used to emphasize the preceding word (tathā) (only, indeed, just, precisely)

• मृगपक्षिणाम् (mṛgapakṣiṇām) - of deer and birds

• शंतनौ (śaṁtanau) - when Śaṃtanu was [king] (in/on/at Śaṃtanu)

• पृथिवीपाले (pṛthivīpāle) - when the protector of the earth (King Śaṃtanu) was [ruling] (in/on/at the protector of the earth, the king)

• न (na) - not, no

• आवर्तत (āvartata) - it occurred (in a particular way, i.e., needlessly) (it occurred, it took place, it returned)

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, needlessly, wantonly

• नृप (nṛpa) - addressed to the listener (O King!)

Words meanings and morphology

वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, slaughter, destruction

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, striking, destruction

Derived from the root `han` (to strike, kill) with a suffix `a`.

Root: han (class 2)

पशुवराहाणाम् (paśuvarāhāṇām) - of animals and boars

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśuvarāha

paśuvarāha - animals and boars

Compound type : dvandva (paśu+varāha)

• paśu – animal, beast, cattle
  noun (masculine)
• varāha – boar, wild hog
  noun (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - used to emphasize the preceding word (tathā) (only, indeed, just, precisely)

(indeclinable)

मृगपक्षिणाम् (mṛgapakṣiṇām) - of deer and birds

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mṛgapakṣin

mṛgapakṣin - deer and birds

Compound type : dvandva (mṛga+pakṣin)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• pakṣin – bird
  noun (masculine)

शंतनौ (śaṁtanau) - when Śaṃtanu was [king] (in/on/at Śaṃtanu)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - Śaṃtanu (a famous king in Hindu mythology, ancestor of the Kurus)

पृथिवीपाले (pṛthivīpāle) - when the protector of the earth (King Śaṃtanu) was [ruling] (in/on/at the protector of the earth, the king)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpāla

pṛthivīpāla - protector of the earth, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (pṛthivī+pāla)

• pṛthivī – earth, world
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pāl` (to protect) with suffix `a`.
  Root: pāl (class 10)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आवर्तत (āvartata) - it occurred (in a particular way, i.e., needlessly) (it occurred, it took place, it returned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle Third Person Singular

From root `vṛt` (to exist, turn) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, needlessly, wantonly

(indeclinable)

नृप (nṛpa) - addressed to the listener (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

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