वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-10, verse-89

अत्र देवाश्च यक्षाश्च नागाश्च पतगैः सह ।
वसन्ति नियताहारा धर्ममाराधयिष्णवः ॥८९॥

89. atra devāśca yakṣāśca nāgāśca patagaiḥ saha ,
vasanti niyatāhārā dharmamārādhayiṣṇavaḥ.

89. atra devāḥ ca yakṣāḥ ca nāgāḥ ca patagaiḥ saha
vasanti niyatāhārāḥ dharmam ārādhayiṣṇavaḥ

89. atra devāḥ ca yakṣāḥ ca nāgāḥ ca patagaiḥ saha
niyatāhārāḥ dharmam ārādhayiṣṇavaḥ vasanti

89. Here, gods, Yakshas, Nagas, and birds, all disciplined in their diet, reside, wishing to uphold the natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• च (ca) - and, also

• यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - Yakshas, nature spirits, demigods

• च (ca) - and, also

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - Nagas, serpent deities

• च (ca) - and, also

• पतगैः (patagaiḥ) - with birds (by birds, with birds)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside, they live

• नियताहाराः (niyatāhārāḥ) - having regulated food, abstemious in diet, moderate in eating

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, virtue, duty)

• आराधयिष्णवः (ārādhayiṣṇavaḥ) - wishing to uphold (desirous of worshipping, wishing to serve, intent on propitiating)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun `idam` (this) and suffix `-tra`.

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

From root `div` (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - Yakshas, nature spirits, demigods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yakṣa

yakṣa - a class of semi-divine beings, guardians of treasures, nature spirits

From root `yakṣ` (to worship, to move quickly).

Root: yakṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - Nagas, serpent deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - snake, serpent, specifically a cobra; a semi-divine race of serpent-bodied beings

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

पतगैः (patagaiḥ) - with birds (by birds, with birds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pataga

pataga - bird, anything that moves through the air

Compound: `patat` (flying) + `ga` (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (patat+ga)

• patat – flying, falling
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From root `pat` (to fly/fall).
  Root: pat (class 1)
• ga – going, moving, what goes
  noun
  From root `gam` (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used with `saha`.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing instrumental case.

वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside, they live

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Present

Root `vas` (cl. 1, to dwell), present suffix `a`, 3rd person plural ending `anti`.

Root: vas (class 1)

नियताहाराः (niyatāhārāḥ) - having regulated food, abstemious in diet, moderate in eating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niyatāhāra

niyatāhāra - one whose food is regulated, moderate in diet

Bahuvrīhi compound. "regulated food is his/theirs".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+āhāra)

• niyata – restrained, controlled, regulated, disciplined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `yam` with prefix `ni`.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āhāra – food, diet, taking
  noun (masculine)
  From root `hṛ` with prefix `ā`.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying the subjects (gods, Yakshas, Nagas, birds).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, virtue, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, moral order

From root `dhṛ` (to hold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `ārādhayiṣṇavaḥ`.

आराधयिष्णवः (ārādhayiṣṇavaḥ) - wishing to uphold (desirous of worshipping, wishing to serve, intent on propitiating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārādhayiṣṇu

ārādhayiṣṇu - wishing to worship, desiring to serve or propitiate

Desiderative Agent Noun (from causative)

From causative `ārādhaya` (to cause to worship) + suffix `iṣṇu` (indicating a strong desire or habit).

Prefix: ā

Root: rādh (class 5)

Note: Adjective modifying the subjects (gods, Yakshas, Nagas, birds).