वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-10, verse-28

अथाश्रमस्थो विनयात् कदा चित्तं महामुनिम् ।
उपासीनः स काकुत्स्थः सुतीक्ष्णमिदमब्रवीत् ॥२८॥

28. athāśramastho vinayāt kadā cittaṃ mahāmunim ,
upāsīnaḥ sa kākutsthaḥ sutīkṣṇamidamabravīt.

28. atha āśramasthaḥ vinayāt kadā cit tam mahāmunim
| upāsīnaḥ saḥ kākutsthaḥ sutīkṣṇam idam abravīt

28. atha āśramasthaḥ saḥ kākutsthaḥ kadā cit vinayāt
tam mahāmunim upāsīnaḥ sutīkṣṇam idam abravīt

28. Then, while residing in the hermitage (āśrama), Rama (Kākutstha), one day, with humility, attending upon that great sage (muni), spoke these words to Sutikshna.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• आश्रमस्थः (āśramasthaḥ) - residing in the hermitage (āśrama) (dwelling in a hermitage, residing in an āśrama)

• विनयात् (vinayāt) - with humility (from humility, with humility, politely)

• कदा (kadā) - when (part of 'kadā cit' meaning 'one day') (when, at what time)

• चित् (cit) - (indefinite particle, forms 'one day') ((indefinite particle))

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the great sage) (that, him)

• महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - great sage (muni) (Sutikshna) (great sage)

• उपासीनः (upāsīnaḥ) - attending upon, sitting near (sitting near, attending, worshipping, serving)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama (Kākutstha) (descendant of Kakutstha, Rama)

• सुतीक्ष्णम् (sutīkṣṇam) - to Sutikshna (to Sutikshna, Sutikshna (accusative))

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these (words))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

An auspicious particle, often marks the beginning of a new section or event.

आश्रमस्थः (āśramasthaḥ) - residing in the hermitage (āśrama) (dwelling in a hermitage, residing in an āśrama)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśramastha

āśramastha - dwelling in a hermitage, residing in an āśrama

Compound of āśrama and stha (standing, abiding).

Compound type : tatpurusha (āśrama+stha)

• āśrama – hermitage, retreat, stage of life (āśrama)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)
• stha – standing, abiding, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies Rāma.

विनयात् (vinayāt) - with humility (from humility, with humility, politely)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vinaya

vinaya - humility, modesty, good conduct, discipline

From root nī with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

कदा (kadā) - when (part of 'kadā cit' meaning 'one day') (when, at what time)

(indeclinable)

From kim + dā suffix.

चित् (cit) - (indefinite particle, forms 'one day') ((indefinite particle))

(indeclinable)

Used to form indefinite adverbs (e.g., kadā-cit 'sometimes').

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the great sage) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - great sage (muni) (Sutikshna) (great sage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound of mahā (great) and muni (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• muni – sage, ascetic, saint (muni)
  noun (masculine)

उपासीनः (upāsīnaḥ) - attending upon, sitting near (sitting near, attending, worshipping, serving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāsīna

upāsīna - sitting near, waiting on, serving, worshipping

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root ās with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama (Kākutstha) (descendant of Kakutstha, Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha, Rama

Patronymic from Kakutstha.

Note: Refers to Rāma.

सुतीक्ष्णम् (sutīkṣṇam) - to Sutikshna (to Sutikshna, Sutikshna (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sutīkṣṇa

sutīkṣṇa - Sutikshna (name of a sage)

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these (words))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root brū (also vac); Laṅ lakāra. The augment 'a' before the root indicates imperfect tense.

Root: brū (class 2)