वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-10, verse-3

सारसांश्चक्रवाकांश्च नदीपुलिनचारिणः ।
सरांसि च सपद्मानि युतानि जलजैः खगैः ॥३॥

3. sārasāṃścakravākāṃśca nadīpulinacāriṇaḥ ,
sarāṃsi ca sapadmāni yutāni jalajaiḥ khagaiḥ.

3. sārasān cakravākān ca nadīpulinacāriṇaḥ
sarāṃsi ca sapadmāni yutāni jalajaiḥ khagaiḥ

3. nadīpulinacāriṇaḥ sārasān ca cakravākān ca
sapadmāni jalajaiḥ khagaiḥ yutāni sarāṃsi ca

3. They observed cranes and ruddy geese that frequented the river banks, as well as lotus-filled lakes abundant with aquatic birds.

Words meanings summery:

• सारसान् (sārasān) - cranes

• चक्रवाकान् (cakravākān) - ruddy geese, Brahmini ducks

• च (ca) - and

• नदीपुलिनचारिणः (nadīpulinacāriṇaḥ) - moving on river banks, frequenting river banks

• सरांसि (sarāṁsi) - lakes, ponds

• च (ca) - and

• सपद्मानि (sapadmāni) - lotus-filled, with lotuses

• युतानि (yutāni) - joined, endowed, associated, teeming

• जलजैः (jalajaiḥ) - by aquatic birds (by aquatic creatures/plants, by water-born)

• खगैः (khagaiḥ) - by birds

Words meanings and morphology

सारसान् (sārasān) - cranes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sārasa

sārasa - crane, belonging to a lake

Root: saras

Note: Object of implicit verb 'saw'.

चक्रवाकान् (cakravākān) - ruddy geese, Brahmini ducks

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of cakravāka

cakravāka - ruddy goose, Brahmini duck

Note: Object of implicit verb 'saw'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'sārasān' and 'cakravākān'.

नदीपुलिनचारिणः (nadīpulinacāriṇaḥ) - moving on river banks, frequenting river banks

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nadīpulinacārin

nadīpulinacārin - moving on river banks, river bank dweller

Agent noun

From nadīpulina (river bank) + cārin (one who moves)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nadīpulina+cārin)

• nadīpulina – river bank
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – moving, going, behaving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root car with suffix -in
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sārasān' and 'cakravākān'.

सरांसि (sarāṁsi) - lakes, ponds

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of saras

saras - lake, pond

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of implicit verb 'saw'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this clause with the previous one.

सपद्मानि (sapadmāni) - lotus-filled, with lotuses

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sapadma

sapadma - with lotuses, having lotuses, lotus-filled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+padma)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating 'with'
• padma – lotus
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad

Note: Qualifies 'sarāṃsi'.

युतानि (yutāni) - joined, endowed, associated, teeming

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of yuta

yuta - joined, united, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj (to join) with suffix -ta

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'sarāṃsi'.

जलजैः (jalajaiḥ) - by aquatic birds (by aquatic creatures/plants, by water-born)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jalaja

jalaja - water-born, aquatic (creature/plant), lotus

Compound type : upapada (jala+ja)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced
  adjective
  Agent noun
  From root jan (to be born) with suffix -a
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent of 'yutāni'. Refers to 'khagaiḥ' which clarifies it to be birds.

खगैः (khagaiḥ) - by birds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of khaga

khaga - bird, moving in the air

Compound type : upapada (kha+ga)

• kha – sky, space
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective
  Agent noun
  From root gam (to go) with suffix -a
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Clarifies 'jalajaiḥ' to mean 'aquatic birds'.

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