वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-10, verse-12

स हि तेपे तपस्तीव्रं माण्डकर्णिर्महामुनिः ।
दशवर्षसहस्राणि वायुभक्षो जलाश्रय ॥१२॥

12. sa hi tepe tapastīvraṃ māṇḍakarṇirmahāmuniḥ ,
daśavarṣasahasrāṇi vāyubhakṣo jalāśraya.

12. saḥ hi tepe tapaḥ tīvram māṇḍakarṇiḥ mahāmuniḥ
daśavarṣasahastrāṇi vāyubhakṣaḥ jalāśrayaḥ

12. hi saḥ mahāmuniḥ māṇḍakarṇiḥ vāyubhakṣaḥ
jalāśrayaḥ daśavarṣasahastrāṇi tīvram tapaḥ tepe

12. Indeed, that great sage Māṇḍakarṇi performed severe ascetic practice (tapas) for ten thousand years, subsisting only on air and dwelling in water.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• तेपे (tepe) - he performed austerity, he practiced penance

• तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice (tapas) (austerity, ascetic practice, penance)

• तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense, severe, sharp

• माण्डकर्णिः (māṇḍakarṇiḥ) - Māṇḍakarṇi

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - great sage

• दशवर्षसहस्त्राणि (daśavarṣasahastrāṇi) - for a period of ten thousand years (ten thousand years)

• वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air, eating air

• जलाश्रयः (jalāśrayaḥ) - dwelling in water, residing in water

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

तेपे (tepe) - he performed austerity, he practiced penance

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of tap

Perfect

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada (Middle voice).

Root: tap (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice (tapas) (austerity, ascetic practice, penance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, ascetic practice, penance, heat

तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense, severe, sharp

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, severe, sharp, keen, fierce

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

माण्डकर्णिः (māṇḍakarṇiḥ) - Māṇḍakarṇi

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māṇḍakarṇin

māṇḍakarṇin - Māṇḍakarṇi (name of a sage)

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - great sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - a great sage, a great ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• muni – sage, ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)

दशवर्षसहस्त्राणि (daśavarṣasahastrāṇi) - for a period of ten thousand years (ten thousand years)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of daśavarṣasahasra

daśavarṣasahasra - ten thousand years

Compound type : dvandva / tatpurusha (daśan+varṣa+sahasra)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration.

वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air, eating air

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyubhakṣa

vāyubhakṣa - one who subsists on air, air-eater

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāyu+bhakṣa)

• vāyu – air, wind, breath
  noun (masculine)
• bhakṣa – eating, food, that which is eaten
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhakṣ (to eat).
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

जलाश्रयः (jalāśrayaḥ) - dwelling in water, residing in water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jalāśraya

jalāśraya - water-dwelling, residing in water, water-refuge

Compound type : tatpurusha (jala+āśraya)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• āśraya – refuge, shelter, dwelling, resort
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ā-śri (to resort to).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)