वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-10, verse-1

अग्रतः प्रययौ रामः सीता मध्ये सुमध्यमा ।
पृष्ठतस्तु धनुष्पाणिर्लक्ष्मणो ऽनुजगाम ह ॥१॥

1. agrataḥ prayayau rāmaḥ sītā madhye sumadhyamā ,
pṛṣṭhatastu dhanuṣpāṇirlakṣmaṇo'nujagāma ha.

1. agrataḥ prayayau rāmaḥ sītā madhye sumadhyamā
pṛṣṭhataḥ tu dhanuṣpāṇiḥ lakṣmaṇaḥ anujagāma ha

1. rāmaḥ agrataḥ prayayau sumadhyamā sītā madhye
pṛṣṭhataḥ tu dhanuṣpāṇiḥ lakṣmaṇaḥ anujagāma ha

1. Rama proceeded in front, while Sita, the slender-waisted one, walked in the middle. Behind them, Lakshmana, holding his bow, followed.

Words meanings summery:

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (in front, ahead, first)

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - proceeded (went forth, proceeded)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (proper noun))

• सीता (sītā) - Sita (Sita (proper noun))

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle (in the middle, between)

• सुमध्यमा (sumadhyamā) - the slender-waisted one (epithet for Sita) (slender-waisted, having a beautiful waist)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind (from behind, behind, at the back)

• तु (tu) - and (indicating a slight shift in subject/position) (but, indeed, however)

• धनुष्पाणिः (dhanuṣpāṇiḥ) - bow in hand (bow in hand, armed with a bow)

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (proper noun))

• अनुजगाम (anujagāma) - followed (followed, went after)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (expletive)

Words meanings and morphology

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (in front, ahead, first)

(indeclinable)

Derived from agra (front, top) with the suffix -tas, indicating direction or position.

Note: Adverbial.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - proceeded (went forth, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of praya

Perfect tense (liṭ) form of root yā (to go) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a prominent deity and epic hero)

Note: Subject of *prayayau*.

सीता (sītā) - Sita (Sita (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (name of Rama's wife)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'was'.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle (in the middle, between)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central, intermediate

Note: Used adverbially.

सुमध्यमा (sumadhyamā) - the slender-waisted one (epithet for Sita) (slender-waisted, having a beautiful waist)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sumadhyamā

sumadhyamā - having a beautiful or slender waist

Compound of su- (good, beautiful) and madhyamā (middle part of the body, waist).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+madhyamā)

• su – good, well, beautiful
  indeclinable
• madhyamā – middle, central; middle part of the body, waist
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine of madhyama.

Note: Modifies *sītā*.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind (from behind, behind, at the back)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pṛṣṭha (back) with the suffix -tas, indicating direction or position.

Note: Adverbial.

तु (tu) - and (indicating a slight shift in subject/position) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

धनुष्पाणिः (dhanuṣpāṇiḥ) - bow in hand (bow in hand, armed with a bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanuṣpāṇi

dhanuṣpāṇi - bow in hand, holding a bow; an archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhanus+pāṇi)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies *lakṣmaṇaḥ*.

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother)

Note: Subject of *anujagāma*.

अनुजगाम (anujagāma) - followed (followed, went after)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of anugam

Perfect tense (liṭ) form of root gam (to go) with prefix anu-.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (expletive)

(indeclinable)

Note: An expletive particle.