वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-10, verse-23

येषामुषितवान्पूर्वं सकाशे स महास्त्रवित् ।
क्व चित् परिदशान्मासानेकं संवत्सरं क्व चित् ॥२३॥

23. yeṣāmuṣitavānpūrvaṃ sakāśe sa mahāstravit ,
kva cit paridaśānmāsānekaṃ saṃvatsaraṃ kva cit.

23. yeṣām uṣitavān pūrvam sakāśe sa mahāstravit kva
cit paridaśān māsān ekam saṃvatsaram kva cit

23. sa mahāstravit pūrvam yeṣām sakāśe uṣitavān kva
cit paridaśān māsān kva cit ekam saṃvatsaram

23. He, that great expert in weapons, (Rāma), had previously resided in their presence; sometimes he stayed for about ten months, and sometimes for a year.

Words meanings summery:

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom (the ascetics mentioned in the previous verse) (of whom, of which, whose)

• उषितवान् (uṣitavān) - he (Rāma) had resided (he had resided, he had lived)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (formerly, previously, before)

• सकाशे (sakāśe) - in the presence of (the ascetics) (in the presence of, near, with)

• स (sa) - he (Rāma) (he, that)

• महास्त्रवित् (mahāstravit) - (Rāma) the great expert in weapons (great expert in weapons, master of arms)

• क्व (kva) - sometimes (where? sometimes)

• चित् (cit) - (part of 'sometimes') (a particle used to denote indefiniteness or distribution)

• परिदशान् (paridaśān) - about ten (months) (around ten, about ten)

• मासान् (māsān) - months (duration of stay) (months)

• एकम् (ekam) - one (year) (one, a single)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - a year (duration of stay) (year)

• क्व (kva) - sometimes (where? sometimes)

• चित् (cit) - (part of 'sometimes') (a particle used to denote indefiniteness or distribution)

Words meanings and morphology

येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom (the ascetics mentioned in the previous verse) (of whom, of which, whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'tapasvinām'.

उषितवान् (uṣitavān) - he (Rāma) had resided (he had resided, he had lived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uṣitavat

uṣitavat - having resided, having lived

Past Active Participle

Derived from √vas (to dwell) + -tavat suffix

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively as a finite verb equivalent.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage of neuter accusative singular.

सकाशे (sakāśe) - in the presence of (the ascetics) (in the presence of, near, with)

(indeclinable)

From sa- (with) + kāśa (appearance, sight)

Note: Locative case used adverbially with genitive, meaning 'in the presence of'.

स (sa) - he (Rāma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

महास्त्रवित् (mahāstravit) - (Rāma) the great expert in weapons (great expert in weapons, master of arms)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāstravid

mahāstravid - great expert in weapons, master of arms

Compound of mahā (great), astra (weapon) and vit (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+astra+vid)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knower, expert, learned
  noun (masculine)
  From √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Epithet for Rāma.

क्व (kva) - sometimes (where? sometimes)

(indeclinable)

चित् (cit) - (part of 'sometimes') (a particle used to denote indefiniteness or distribution)

(indeclinable)

परिदशान् (paridaśān) - about ten (months) (around ten, about ten)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paridaśan

paridaśan - around ten, approximately ten

Compound of pari (around, about) and daśan (ten)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (pari+daśan)

• pari – around, about, thoroughly
  indeclinable
• daśan – ten
  numeral

Note: Qualifies 'māsān'.

मासान् (māsān) - months (duration of stay) (months)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Denotes duration, thus accusative case.

एकम् (ekam) - one (year) (one, a single)

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃvatsaram'.

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - a year (duration of stay) (year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

From sam- (together) + √vas (to dwell, pass time)

Prefix: sam

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Denotes duration, thus accusative case.

क्व (kva) - sometimes (where? sometimes)

(indeclinable)

चित् (cit) - (part of 'sometimes') (a particle used to denote indefiniteness or distribution)

(indeclinable)